Minimum load

Creep. The creep characteristic of plastic foams must be considered when they are used in stmctural appHcations. Creep is the change in dimensions of a material when it is maintained under a constant stress. Data on the deformation of polystyrene foam under various static loads have been compiled (158). There are two types of creep in this material short-term and long-term. Short-term creep exists in foams at all stress levels however, a threshold stress level exists below which there is no detectable long-term creep. The minimum load required to cause long-term creep in molded polystyrene foam varies with density ranging from 50 kPa (7.3 psi) for foam density 16 kg/m (1 lb /ft ) to 455 kPa (66 psi) at foam density 160 kg/m (10... 

For the eontrol-to-output eharaeteristies, the lowest exhibited filter pole for the -1-5 V output (minimum load) is... 

In a mechanical test, interfacial strength may be quantified in terms of either the minimum load required for interface disruption or the total integral energy or work expended. In many situations, due to non-uniformity of chemical or morphological conditions over the area of the interface or to non-uniformity of the applied stress in a given test [7], the two criteria are different. The investigator must thus strive to minimize or deal with both of the above complications, i.e. the interfaces studied should be chemically and morphologically uniform, and the stresses applied in the test should be uniform or distributed in way which is quantitatively describable. 

Available in a variety of materials to suit the specific fluid application. Oversized for minimum loading. 

To do these things, the process engineer must establish the function of the compressor its capacities under conditions of normal, maximum, and minimum load the... 

Derricks and masts are designed to withstand some minimum loads or set of loads without failure. Each structure shall be designed for the following applicable loading conditions. The structure shall be designed to meet or exceed these conditions in accordance with the applicable specifications set forth herein. 

In addition to withstanding some minimum load or loads (sections titled Load Capacities and Design Specifications ), derricks and masts that satisfy API standards must also satisfy certain requirements regarding materials, allowable stresses, wind, dynamic loading, earthquakes and extremes of temperature. 

A greater difficulty arises where the compressor may go down to 33% or 25% capacity and the thermostatic expansion valve is called upon to control a much reduced flow Under such conditions, the thermostatic expansion valve maybe unstable and hunt , with slight loss of evaporator efficiency Since the required duty is less, this is of no great importance. It is possible to fit two expansion valves in parallel, one for the minimum load and both for the full load, but this arrangement is not usually necessary... 

Load amplitude One-half of the algebraic difference between the maximum and minimum loads in the load cycle. 

The 77-ratio is used to characterize constant amplitude signals as the ratio of a specihed parameter at the minimum loading condition to the parameter at the maximum loading condition Pmax as given by... 

The company standards classify this facility as "high explosion potential," requiring control buildings that are located at this distance [125 ft (38 m)] from a potential explosion be designed to a minimum load of 10 psi (0.69 bar) side-on overpressure and 20 ms blast load. It was determined that this... 

Type of equipment Minimum particle size w Minimum loading (mg/m3) Approx. efficiency (%) Typical gas velocity (m/s) Maximum capacity (m3/s) Gas pressure drop (mm H2O) Liquid rate (m3/103 m3 gas) Space required (relative)... 

Decreasing AP with Increasing Load. AP at Maximum Load > 20% ot Minimum Load AP Linear... 

Gas Process. Large Volume (Process has a Receiver, Distribution System or Transmission Line Exceeding 100 ft. of Nominal Pipe Volume) Decreasing AP with Increasing Load. AP at Maximum Load > 20% of Minimum Load AP Linear... 

July 2006 I would like to know how to calculate the minimum load current which an SMPS can deliver, in order that its regulation is still OK. Indeed, I would like to use the 2594HV for my design. This power supply is always going to be active. What happens when the different components (loads, etc.) connected to this regulator s output are in standby mode and only consume about lOOuA Will the regulator still work What is the consumption of the chip in such a mode Thank you. 

Figure 4A. Dual chromatogram showing the elution of AESE aspen lignin from the HPSEC-DV system with an amplifier gain setting of 2 and an RI setting of l/4x. This experiment represents the minimum loading of such a sample which results in usable signal.

The intent of this study is to demonstrate the temperature uniformity and stability of the sterilizing medium throughout the sterilizer. Temperature distribution studies should be conducted on both empty and loaded chambers with maximum and minimum load configurations. Temperature uniformity may be influenced by the type, size, design, and installation of the sterilizer. The manufacturer of the vessel, based on the variables mentioned, should determine a satisfactory empty chamber temperature uniformity. 

Load cool points are dependent on load conhgurations and the types of items that comprise the load (liquid-hlled containers, process equipment, etc.). Prior to conducting heat penetration studies, maximum and minimum load conhgurations must be established. The penetration thermocouples are positioned within liquid-hlled containers at the cool point previously determined by container mapping studies. The probed containers should be distributed uniformly throughout the load. When the load consists of multiple layers or pallets, a sufficient number of thermo-couple-probed containers should be employed to provide an equal representation among layers. 

Heat penetration studies conducted on maximum and minimum loads should be repeated until temperature data are obtained for all representative areas of the load. It may be necessary to reposition thermocouples in order to study different areas. Several runs, usually three of each thermocouple conhguration, will provide conhdence in the repeatability of the temperature prohle. 

A heat penetration study dehning load cool points is not limited to load conhgurations composed of liquid-hlled vials. The same principles can be applied to process equipment loads (hlters, hoses, etc.) subject to steam sterilization. Penetration thermocouples are positioned at points within the process equipment suspected to be the most difficult for steam heat penetration. Temperature data are obtained from representative maximum and minimum loads in order to establish temperature prohles... 

Four minimum-load penetration studies per protocol... 

The minimum loading required to induce the critical flow is according to Lawn and Evans... 

For the given initial value of HRAT = HRAT° and the problem data (i.e., stream and utility data, constraints), the LP transshipment model is solved in the first step which provides information on the minimum loads of hot and cold utilities and the location of the pinch point(s). The pinch point(s) decompose the problem into subnetworks. 

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