Deposit local structure

To deposit Au structures, a Au probe is approached to the surface until a positive feedback is observed. This is due to the regeneration of Cl species on the substrate while Au is deposited from AUCI4 according to the reverse reaction, leading to an increase in the local concentration of Cl. The microelectrode is then left at this position above the substrate for a certain time, after which it is withdrawn from the surface. The potential of the substrate, the electrolyte, and the pH were found to be the most significant parameters determining in determining the rate of Au electrodeposition and its structure (Amman and Mandler, 2001). 

There is doubtful statistical significance in the trend observed in the bondlengths. However, it appears that the similarity in the data for the samples is indicative of similar local structure at all stages of polymer deposition. These values correlate very well with the known coordination number of six and a Ru-N distance of 2.056 A. Q4)... 

A part of Figure 3 in Ref. 207, reproduced on the right, reports radial EXAFS data around the S Is absorption edge for sulfur adsorbed on the (100) plane of a g nickel single-crystal surface. The top trace corresponds to the deposition of atomic S sulfur by dehydrogenation of H2S, while g, the bottom data were obtained by adsorb- M ing thiophene on the clean surface at 100 K. Based on these data, what can be learned about the adsorption geometry of thiophene Propose a local structure for the sulfur atoms in reference to the neighboring nickel surface. 

X-ray absorption spectroscopy can provide information concerning oxidation state and local structure of metals deposited on FGG catalysts and related supports, even at the several hundred ppm level. This information is valuable towards the understanding of catalyst deactivation and passivation mechanisms, and ultimately will lead to the development of new passivation routes. 

The results presented in this section further illustrate that there is a considerable dependence of the band alignment at the CdS/ZnO interface on the details of its preparation. An important factor is the local structure of the ZnO film. There is considerable local disorder when the films are deposited at room temperature in pure Ar, deposition conditions that are often used in thin film solar cells. It is recalled that the disorder is only on a local scale and does not affect the long range order of the films, as obvious from clear X-ray diffraction patterns recorded from such films (see discussion in Sect. 4.2.3.3). Growth of sputter deposited ZnO on CdS always results in an amorphous nucleation layer at the interface. The amorphous nucleation layer affects the valence band offset. 

To use CSs as indicators of local structure, a reference CS set is needed. There are many attempts in the literature to generate such a set, many involving highly flexible short peptides.52 53 Other approaches involve careful analysis of database-deposited shifts from globular proteins.54 55 In practice, it is advisable to use sequence-dependent correction factors for these shifts, especially for intrinsically unfolded proteins.56 Another important practical aspect is the accurate determination of the CS values which requires correct spectral referencing, an issue well documented in literature but still not always easily followed in practice. 

Multi-nuclear (3H, 29Si and 31P) MAS NMR techniques were employed to study the local structure of catalysators. Pertici and co-workers,201 using 31P SS NMR, confirmed the higher stability towards the agglomeration of the palladium nanoparticles deposited on polydimethylphosphazene (PDMP). The Pd/PDMP system demonstrated much higher catalytic activity in Heck-type C-C coupling reaction. 31P NMR data highlighted the almost complete structural invariability of... 

Many techniques for the preparation of nanosized materials (sol-gel, thermal treatment of polymeric precursor, electrochemical deposition, atomic layer deposition [ALD], etc.) lead to amorphous or low-crystallinity compounds by quenching of a liquid-state local structure or a very disordered state. At a given temperature, two phenomena can be at the origin of the broadening of the Raman spectrum (1) the loss of periodicity because of the large contribution of surface atoms, and (2) a low crystallinity, that is to say, short-range disorder or bond distortion, hi many cases the exact origin is not obvious and a comparison must be made with TEM. ... 

What is clear from all these results, is that structural parameters and catalytic activity are intimately related. Starting from one metal, palladium in this case, we have shown that, by alloying with or deposition on other metals, it was possible to generate a lot of distinct local structures where surface Pd could exhibit largely modified chemical reactivity. Some particular systems can show large amplifications of activity for the 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation reaction... 

The first step taking place at no/ Nb<0.7 lowers the local structure symmetry due to the formation of the C4V local structure of the [NbOFs] " anion and facilitates the deposition of niobium. Good experimental conditions for the deposition process can be expected in such a case. However, at no/ Nb>l, inhomogeneous niobium deposits containing probably potassium-niobium phase and niobium oxide solid solution were obtained. However, a non-metal deposit could be obtained as well. 

Hartmann, P., Jager, C., Barth, S., Vogel, ]., and Meyer, K. (2001) Solid state NMR, X-ray diffraction, and infrared characterization of local structure in heat-treated oxyhydroxyapatite microcrystals an analogy of the thermal deposition of hydroxyapatite during plasma-spray procedure. J. Solid State Chem., 160, 460-468. 

Investigation of the mode of interfacial deposition and the local structure of transition metal ionic species formed upon impregnation at the catalytic support/electrolytic solution interface... 

Figure 3. Local Structures of the surface inner sphere complexes formed upon interfacial deposition of the Co(II) aqua complexes on titania surface.

Figure 6. Local structures of the tungsten-oxo species interfacially deposited on titania at the entire pH range.

Local structural features with sizes of 50-100 nm emerge from the smooth as-deposited surface as a result of the annealing of the La-Cr-0 thin film at 500°C. An increase in oxygen content also accompanied this morphology change, but the films were still amorphous to x-ray diffraction. 

The substitution of deuterium for hydrogen in amorphous silicon alloys provides a very useful probe of bonding because of the extreme sensitivity of the nuclear quadrupolar interaction [Eq. (5)] to changes in local structural order. Unfortunately, the results on deuterated samples are rather limited. Leopold et al. (1982) have investigated a sample of a-Si D,H that was made by plasma deposition from 5% silane and 95% molecular deuterium on a room temperature substrate. Both and H NMR measurements indicated that this sample contained 7 at. % H and 24 at. % D. This film exhibits clear structural differences from the more stable a-Si H films that are deposited on high temperature substrates and contain 5 -10 at. % H nonetheless, the results are enlightening. 

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