Deep surveys

Key for successful treatment is a good knowledge of the process to be treated and to run an in-deep survey is strongly recommended. 

After our tests of the background, we wiR carry out a deep survey of a portion of the sky with a 60 cm automated telescope. This survey will provide us with a data set that has a unique combination of high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and a large area of coverage. 

Key words Deep surveys - protogalaxies - brown dwarfs... 

Metal Detection (MD) MD measures instrument responses to deposits of ferrous and nonferrous metals up to 10 to 20 ft deep. Detection of high-density deposits in shallow depths. Good inexpensive preliminary survey tool. Background conductivities greater than 40 millimhos/meter impairs results. Wet clay soils impair resluts. 

Manor Way, A1014 provides road access to the mainland a rail line for freight nms fmiii the main line through the Shell UK Oil refinery to Thames Haven, and to the Mobil Oil disiribution terminal at Coi-yton. A deep water channel provides access to the ten jetties of the two refineries. The control room and pumping station for the U.K. oil pipeline is located at Coryton. Oil products are transported by pipeline from Texaco Ltd on Canvey Island and from the two oil refineries ou the mainland Helicopters from the site landing pad. survey the pprelines. 

Table II summarizes analytical data for dissolved inorganic matter in a number of natural water sources (J3, 9, J 9, 20, 21). Because of the interaction of rainwater with soil and surface minerals, waters in lakes, rivers and shallow wells (<50m) are quite different and vary considerably from one location to another. Nevertheless, the table gives a useful picture of how the composition of natural water changes in the sequence rain ->- surface water deep bedrock water in a granitic environment. Changes with depth may be considerable as illustrated by the Stripa mine studies (22) and other recent surveys (23). Typical changes are an increase in pH and decrease in total carbonate (coupled), a decrease in 02 and Eh (coupled), and an increase in dissolved inorganic constituents. The total salt concentration can vary by a factor of 10-100 with depth in the same borehole as a consequence of the presence of strata with relict sea water. Pockets with such water seem to be common in Scandinavian granite at >100 m depth.

Fig. 42 —AES surface survey of elements in the disk substrate surface after polishing. The slurry contains 6 wt % Si02 particles with a diameter of 30 nm, 1 wt % oxidizer and 2 wt % lubricant in Dl water, and pH value of the slurry is 1.8. (a) Elements in the disk surface, (b) deep distribution of the elements. (The contents of elements and their deep distribution in the polished surface were analyzed by using a PHI 680 auger nanoprobe under determining conditions as follows ion beam current of 1 u,A, ion beam voltage of 2 kV, electron beam current of 10 nA, electron beam voltage of 10 kV and scan area of 20 fj.m by 20...

Roy, W.R., Mravik, S.C., Krapac, I.G., Dickerson, D.R., and Griffin, R.A., Geochemical Interactions of Hazardous Wastes with Geological Formations in Deep-Well Systems, Environmental Geology Notes 130, Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois, 1989. 

Pascale, C.A. and Martin, J.B., Hydrologic Monitoring of a Deep-Well Waste-Injection System near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970-March 1977, U.S. Geological Survey Water Resource Investigation 78-27, 1978. 

Holm and Andersson have provided an up-to-date survey of simulation experiments on the synthesis under hydrothermal conditions of molecules important for biogenesis (Holm and Andersson, 2005). It is clear that several research groups have been able to show in the meantime, using simulation experiments, that the conditions present at deep sea vents appear suitable for the synthesis of very different groups of substances. However, it remains unclear how these compounds could have been stabilized and protected against rapid decomposition. At present, metal ions (as complexing agents) and mineral surfaces are the subject of discussion and experiment. 

Another potential source of indoor radon is from utilities including water and natural gas. As reported by Hess et al. (1987) there are wells that can have extremely high radon concentrations per unit volume of water. Thus, use of such water could be an important indoor radon source. Radon in water is typically of the order of several thousand picocuries per liter or less. Surveys of U.S. drinking water sources indicate that 74 had concentrations below 2,000 pCi/1 and only 5 had values above 10,000 pCi/1. The problem appears to exist primarily in deep drilled wells and a concentration... 

Maser transitions have been observed in many important molecules and have been used to carry out surveys of the entire sky. The 22.235 GHz water maser transition is the strongest transition in the radio universe and represents an interesting candidate for an interstellar broadcast frequency. If extraterrestrial intelligence is trying to communicate with us, the choice of the broadcast frequency is an important one and would be known to all intelligent life. Of course it would have a different label, 22.235 GHz being a distinctly Earthly label, but it is a fundamental transition frequency and is observed everywhere. Other maser transitions include the 6.7 and 12.2 GHz methanol maser, the SiO maser v = 1, J = 7-6, 301.8 GHz, which occurs between levels in the first vibration state of the SiO molecule, and finally the OH maser first discovered in 1963 and buried deep in the 2n3/2 electronic state of the hydroxyl radical near 18 cm. This is actually four transitions at 1612, 1665, 1667 and 1720 MHz, all of which must be seen as a group but not necessarily of the same intensity. 

We turn our attention now to the hydrothermal brines of the Red Sea. An oceanic survey in 1963 discovered pools of hot, saline, and metal-rich brines along the axial rift of the Red Sea (Degens and Ross, 1969 Hoffmann, 1991). The dense brines pond in the rift s depressions, or deeps. The Atlantis II deep contains the largest pool, which measures 5 x 14 km and holds about 5 km3 of supersaline brine. The deep holds two layers of brine. The lower brine contains about 25 wt.% dissolved salts and exists at temperatures up to 60 °C. Table 6.8 shows the brine s average composition. A somewhat cooler, less saline water overlies the lower brine, separating it from normal seawater. 

Mehnert, E., C. R. Gendron and R. D. Brower, 1990, Investigation of the hydraulic effects of deep-well injection of industrial wastes. Illinois State Geological Survey Environmental Geology 135,100 p. 

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