Extraterrestrial intelligence

So where are they then This question, now famous, is attributed to Enrico Fermi he was reacting to an observation, made by a member of the audience at a physics conference in Los Alamos in 1950, that there must be extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI). (The search for ETI is known as SETI, search for extraterrestrial intelligence.) The question is now known as the Fermi paradox initial investigations with the goal of solving it took place a few years after Fermi s question was posed. 

The search for extraterrestrial intelligence was originally coordinated by the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California, founded in 1984 however, in 1992,... 

Maser transitions have been observed in many important molecules and have been used to carry out surveys of the entire sky. The 22.235 GHz water maser transition is the strongest transition in the radio universe and represents an interesting candidate for an interstellar broadcast frequency. If extraterrestrial intelligence is trying to communicate with us, the choice of the broadcast frequency is an important one and would be known to all intelligent life. Of course it would have a different label, 22.235 GHz being a distinctly Earthly label, but it is a fundamental transition frequency and is observed everywhere. Other maser transitions include the 6.7 and 12.2 GHz methanol maser, the SiO maser v = 1, J = 7-6, 301.8 GHz, which occurs between levels in the first vibration state of the SiO molecule, and finally the OH maser first discovered in 1963 and buried deep in the 2n3/2 electronic state of the hydroxyl radical near 18 cm. This is actually four transitions at 1612, 1665, 1667 and 1720 MHz, all of which must be seen as a group but not necessarily of the same intensity. 

Simpson, G. G. (1973). Added comments on The non-prevalence of humanoids . In Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence, ed. C. Sagan. MIT Press, pp. 362. ... 

Ibid. See also A.T. Lawton, Infrared interstellar communication, Spaceflight, 13(3) 83-85 (1971) C. H. Townes, At what wavelengths should we search for signals from extraterrestrial intelligence Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A. 80 1147-1151 (1983) J. D. Rather, Lasers Revisited their superior utility for interstellar beacons, communications, and travel, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 44 385-392 (1991). 

Sagan, C. 1973. Extraterrestrial life. Pp. 42-67 in Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence CETI (C. Sagan, ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. 

Tarter, J.. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). Annu. rev. Astron. Astrophys. 2001 39 511-48. 

Let me first take a purely mathematical approach and examine what it would take for the condition te L to be satisfied in the earth-sun system without implying that extraterrestrial intelligent life is extremely rare. Imagine that te and L are not independent, but rather that... 

In March 2002, a team of researchers from the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) reported on an important breakthrough in the search for amino acids in the ISM. These researchers attempted to reproduce in their laboratory the conditions found in the ISM. They enclosed a mixture of molecules already known to exist in the ISM in a container cooled to 15K under a pressure of about 10 8 torr (a pressure of 1 torr is equal to 1 mm of mercury),... 

Shostak, Seth. Listening for a Whisper. Astronomy 32, no. 9 (September, 2004) 34-39. Avery brief overview of how radio telescopes are used in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. 

The somewhat controversial field of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence has been treated in [7.104 7.105]. Radio astronomy tools have been used, but very recently the search has been extended to a search for po ible laser flashes from distant objects. The flrst two space craft to leave the solar system (Pioneer 10 and 11, launched in 1972 and 1973, respectively) carried a plaque with the frequencies of the 14 strongest pulsars, expressed with the hydrogen hfs frequency as a base, and with indications of their relative directions with regard to our solar system, as a sign of our own inteUigence [7.106] ... 

I do not entertain the possibility of extraterrestrial intelligent life capable of political organization, and I do not consider human moral obligations to the environment and the animal world in this book. 

An indirect or passive search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETT) in 25 globular clusters observed at the water and hydroxyl lines was made by Cohen, Malkan and Dickey, 1980 [74] with negative results. 

Stull, M.A. International legal protection of the Water Hole frequency band for a search of extraterrestrial intelligent Ufe. In Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, vol. 7,... 

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