DuPont Company

Product Bulletin E38855, DuPont 903 Moisture Evolution Analyzer, DuPont Company, Instmment Systems, Wilmington, Del. 

Fluoroelastomers. The fluoroelastomers were introduced to the mbber industry in the late 1950s by the DuPont Company. They were made by modification of Teflon polymers and designed to have exceUent heat and chemical resistance, but remain elastomeric in nature. They were very expensive and have found use in limited appHcations. However, with the increasing demand in the automotive and industrial market for improved reHabUity and longer Hfe, the elastomeric fluoroelastomers have made significant inroads into these appHcations (see Elastomers, synthetic-fluorocarbon ELASTOTffiRS). 

British Columbia, and three at the U.S. Army Ordinance Works operated by the DuPont Company at Morgantown, West Virginia Cluldersburg, Alabama and Dana, Indiana. The plant at Trail used chemical exchange between hydrogen gas and steam for the initial isotope separation followed by electrolysis for final concentration. The three plants in the United States used vacuum distillation of water for the initial separation followed by electrolysis. Details of these plants and their operations may be found in the Hterature (10). 

New Mexico s San Juan Gas Plant is one of the United States newest and largest natural gas liquids recovery plant. Commissioned in November 1986, its levels of productivity are high by industry standards. Located near Bloomfield, New Mexico, just south of tlie Colorado border, the plant is jointly owned by Conoco Inc. (then a subsidiary of the DuPont Company) and Tenneco Inc., both of Houston. It is operated by Conoco and is named after its location in the San Juan basin, an area of oil, gas, and coal production. 

I thank J. J. Kirkland and J. J. DeStefano of Hewlett-Packard for reviewing the technical information presented in this chapter and for their helpful advice. I also thank L. Amos and P. E. Antle of Writers, Inc., for their assistance in preparing the text and tables. Zorbax is a registered trademark of the DuPont Company. 

Figure 11-24. General replacement guide for refrigerant phaseout Suva Refrigerants. (Used by permission DuPont Company, Fluoroproducts, SUVA Refrigerants, Wilmington, DE.)...

The best known step-growth polymers are the polyamides, or nylons, first prepared by Wallace Carothers at the DuPont Company by heating a diamine with a diacid. Por example, nylon 66 is prepared by reaction of adipic acid (hexanedioic acid) with hexamethylenediamine (.1.,6-hexanediamine) at 280 °C. The designation "66" tells the number of carbon atoms in the diamine (the first 6) and the diacid (the second 6). 

We thank the DuPont Company for providing the resources for the preparation of this book. VG Fisons and NIST also have graciously permitted the use of spectra from their mass spectral libraries. Roger Patterson,... 

In a patent granted to the DuPont Company in 1946, Myers8 described the hydrolysis of nylon-6,6 with concentrated sulfuric acid which led to the crystallization of AA from the solution. HMDA was recovered from the neutralized solution by distillation. In a later patent assigned to the DuPont Company by Miller9, a process was described for hydrolyzing nylon-6,6 waste with aqueous sodium hydroxide in isopropanol at 180°C and 305 psi pressure. After distillation of die residue, HMDA was isolated, and on acidification of the aqueous phase, AA was obtained in 92% yield. 

Ammonolysis is the preferred route currently in use at the DuPont Company for the depolymerization of nylon-6,6 carpet waste. McKinney13 has described the reaction of nylon-6,6 and nylon-6 mixtures with ammonia at temperatures in the range of 300-350°C at a pressure of about 68 atm in the presence of an ammonium phosphate catalyst to form a mixture of nylon-6,6 and nylon-6 monomers (HMD A, A A, and s-caprolactam) and adiponitrile, 5-cyanovaleramide, 6-aminocapronitrile, and 6-aminocaproamide. 

DuPont Company, Wilmington, DE19880, Contribution 8847 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352... 

In 1974, after failure and indications of failure of three commercial reprocessing ventures, the AEC reassigned programs for support of commercial fuel reprocessing to emphasize successful experience and lessons learned from that experience. Responsibilities were transferred from the AEC Division of Reactor Development and Oak Ridge National Laboratory with their pilot plant reprocessing model, to the Division of Production and DuPont Company-operated SRP with their safe, successful production-scale reprocessing experience. 

DuPont Company Report to the Department of Energy Response to Environmental Policy Institute... 

Elvacite" is a registered trademark of the duPont Company, "Acryloid", a registered trademark of the Rohm and Haas Company and "Fade-ometer", a registered trademark of the Atlas Electric Devices Company. 

H. E. Simmons and R. D. Smith of the DuPont Company had developed a useful cyclopropane synthesis by reacting a zinc-copper couple with an alkene. 

The Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1987 was awarded to Charles J. Pedersen (retired from DuPont company), Donald J. Cram (retired from the University of California, Los Angeles), and Jean-Marie Lehn (Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg, France) for their development of crown ethers and other molecules with structure specific interactions of high selectivity . 

Raised in Blue Island, Illinois, Schreiber graduated from Wabash College in 1931. He received a Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the University of Illinois in 1935, with Ralph Shriner as his adviser. He then joined the Central Research Department of the DuPont Company in Wilmington, Delaware, where he soon became leader of a research group. 

Acknowledgments We would like to thank the National Science Foundation (DMR-0135233, DMR-0703988, Chem-0456719, Chem-0723497), the ACS Petroleum Research Fund (36730-G7), the Dupont Company, the 3 M Company, the Simitomo Company, the Rhom and Haas Company, and the Univesity of California at Irvine for generous financial support. ZG gratefully acknowledges a Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award granted by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, a National Science Foundation CAREER Award, and a Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award. CSP acknowledges an Allergan Fellowship, a UCI dissertation fellowship, and the Joan Rowland award from UCI. 

The technical fenvalerate formulation is no longer being manufactured by the Dupont Company, although existing stocks may be used until exhausted. The new fenvalerate formulation is sold as Asana or Esfenvalerate, and contains only the 2S,aS isomer (A. Stavola, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, personal communication, January 28, 1991). 

Dr. Li earned a B.S. (1982) in optics from the Beijing Institute of Technology, China, and a Ph.D. in physics from the Laboratoire d Optique Electronique du C.N.R.S., Toulouse, France. Since joining the DuPont Company, he has worked on many industrially important projects, including the research and development of new OLEDs. His main interest is to establish the relationship of the process conditions, microstructures, and performances of these devices. 

Dr. Meng was awarded a Ph.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles, under the supervision of Professor Fred Wudl in 2002. Before joining DuPont Company, he pursued internship training at Lucent Technologies, Bell Laboratories under Professor Zhenan Bao (now at Stanford University) in the field of organic electronics. 

The ester precursor, CF2=CF—O—CF2CF(CF3)0—CF2CF2—COOMe, is a product of the DuPont Company. 

The synthesis of linear turns-quinacridone (2.38) was reported in 1935 by Liebermann [26] and was cursorily looked at as a red vat colorant but not developed commercially. It was more than twenty years later that the DuPont company introduced these compounds as pigments under the trade name of Cinquasia. Their chemical structures are based on Cl Pigment Violet 19 (2.38). As with the phthalocyanines, this compound can exist in several polymorphic forms in this case there are three, termed a-, p- and y- forms only the last two being useful as pigments. The first three pigments were called Cinquasia Red B (y-form, size above 1000 nm), Cinquasia Red Y (y-form, size below 1000 nm) and Cinquasia Violet R (P-form). 

The DuPont company used the succinic acid ester process, in which diethyl succinate is first cyclised to diethyl succinylsuccinate (2.39) in a sodium/alcohol mixture. One mole of the product is next condensed with two moles of aniline under oxidising conditions, forming diethyl 2,5-dianilino-3,6-dihydroterephthalate (2.40). Ring closure at 250 °C gives dihydroquinacridone, from which quinacridone is obtained by oxidising away the two extra hydrogen atoms. 

This third edition of Analytical Chemistry for Technicians is the culmination and final product of a series of four projects funded by the National Science Foundation s Advanced Technological Education Program and two supporting grants from the DuPont Company. The grant funds have enabled me to utilize an almost limitless reservoir of human and other resources in the development and completion of this manuscript and to vastly improve and update the previous edition. A visible example is the CD that accompanies this book. This CD, which was not part of the previous editions, provides, with a touch of humor, a series of real-world scenarios for students to peruse while studying the related topics in the text. 

---