Cytotoxicity assessments

Murr, L.E., Garza, K.M., Soto, K.F., Carrasco, A., Powell, T.G., Ramirez, D.A., Guerrero, P.A., Lopez, D.A., and Venzorlll, J. (2005) Cytotoxicity assessment of some carbon nanotubes and related carbon nanoparticle aggregates and the implications for anthropogenic carbon nanotube aggregates in the environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2 (1), 31-42. 

Compared to efficacy, safety is typically more multifactorial, as it is dependent on homeostasis of virtually all cellular processes. A wider number and diversity of potential molecular and cellular effects of compound interactions may affect safety than may affect efficacy or bioavailability. Accordingly, cytotoxicity assessment is less specific, more multi parametric and extrapolatable with less certainty, unless there are specific safety signals indicated by the chemical structure or by its precedents. Extrapolation of safety biomarker data needs a greater foundation of mechanistic understanding of both in vitro and in vivo pathogenesis of toxicities, as well as rigorous, empirical validation of models. 

Gagne, F. and Blaise, C. (2001) Acute cytotoxicity assessment of liquid samples using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes, Environmental Toxicology 16 (1), 104-109. 

O Brien, P. and Haskins, J.R. 2006. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment. In Methods in Molecular Biology 356 High Content Screening Taylor, D.L. et al. Totowa, NJ Humana, 415 -25. 

Neochoritis CG, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Tsoleridis CA et al (2011) One-pot microwave assisted synthesis under green chemistry conditions, antioxidant screening, and cytotoxicity assessments of benzimidazole Schifif bases and pyrimido[l, 2-a]benzimidazol-3(4H)-ones. Eur 1 Med Chem 46 297-306... 

O Brien P, Haskins JR. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment. Meth Mol Biol 2006 356 415-26. 

Cytotoxicity test The L929 fibroblast cell line is the most widely used for cytotoxicity assessment 9-11. The cell metabolic activity was evaluated by succinc acid dehydrogenase (SDH) of mitochondria in living cell, which can deoxidized MTT salt into insoluble purple crystal. These crystals can be resolved by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and measured by the spectrophotometric microplate reader at 490 nm. To some extent, the optical density value (OD) of supernatant raised with the number of the living cell. Therefore, the measurement of MTT crystal OD can reflect the relative growth rate and the activity of cells, which can also leads to a reliable assessment to the cytotoxicity of the sample. 

Cagide, E. et al.. Cytotoxicity assessment of several marine toxins by using an indicator of cell metabolic activity for kinetic measurements, in XII International lUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins, Istanbul, Turkey, 2007. 

Differential Scanning Calorimetry 337 20.4.3 In Wfro Cytotoxicity Assessment 341... 

The in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of the selected candidate can also inform the design of animal studies or the choice of in vivo models to improve characterization of risk. For example, if a compound is selected that has evidence of cytotoxicity associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, a... 

SB209995, a metabolite of carvedilol in human, protected cultured bovine pulmonary artery endo-thehal cells against hydroxyl radical or superoxide-mediated lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity, assessed as lactate dehydrogenase release and cell death (Feuerstein and Yue 1994). 

Chrysotile and croci-dolite asbestos, erion-ite, man made fibres Rat pleural meso-thelial cells Cytotoxicity assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-tniazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay The tumorigenic potency of fibres may be related to the fibre dimensions, to their surface properties on in vivo biopersistence. Renier et al. (1992)... 

Fukushim K (2004) Bioactivity of Ephedra-, integrating cytotoxicity assessment with realtime biosensing. Dissertation, University of Maryland... 

Chow, K.S., Khor, E., Wan, A.C.A., 2001. Porous chitin matrices for tissue engineering fabrication and in vitro cytotoxic assessment. J. Polym. Res. 8, 27-35. 

Jimenez, C. and Crews, P. (1993) C-NMR assigments and cytotoxicity assessments of zoanthoxanthin alkaloids from zoanthid corals. ]. Nat. Prod., 56,9-14. 

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