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Cytotoxicity acute

Vaidya VS, Bonventre JV. Mechanistic biomarkers for cytotoxic acute kidney injury. Expert Opin DrugMetab Toxicol. 2006 2 697-713. [Pg.312]

In this work, porous AI2O3 ceramics were fabricated by freeze casting from AI2O3 aqueous ceramic slurries, and its biological properties, such as, in vitro cytotoxicity, acute hemolysis tests, and skin sensitization reactions were also investigated. [Pg.537]

The cytotoxicity, acute hemolysis, skin sensitization results suggest that AI2O3 porous ceramics prepared via freeze casting in vitro biological reactions is biosafe and the porous AI2O3 ceramics have a potential application for implants. Further experiments, such as, direct cells contact in vitro, long-term implantation test in vivo will be conducted to meet the practical application requirements. [Pg.540]

Many manufacturers can provide biocompatibility data either in their literature or as an FDA Master File. Often material manufacturers will advertise that a material meets class IV biocompatibility requirements. Class VI requirements are an old set of tests published in the U.S. Pharmacopeia that were developed for testing food packaging. They are similar to the cytotoxicity, acute toxicity, and subchronic toxicity tests. However, the data provided by a materials manufacturer are on samples that have not seen the processing and storage of the device. The data simply are an indication that the material can pass the initial set of biocompatibility tests if processed appropriately. [Pg.334]

Physical/Chemical Toxicity Cytotoxicity Acute Oral Toxicity Acute Systemic Toxicity Intracutaneous Toxicity Intramuscular Implant Blood Compatibility Mucous Membrane Irritation Mutagenicity Carcinogenicity... [Pg.382]

Enzymes Degrading Macromolecules. Enzymes that degrade macromolecules such as membrane polysaccharides, stmctural and functional proteins, or nucleic acids, have all shown oncolytic activity. Treatment strategies include the treatment of inoperable tumors with pepsin (1) antitumor activity of carboxypeptidase (44) cytotoxicity of ribonudease (45—47) oncolytic activity of neuraminidase (48—52) therapy with neuraminidase of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (53) antitumor activity of proteases (54) and hyaluronidase treatment in the management of human soHd tumors (55). [Pg.308]

Release of SP from neurons in the AP, NTS and dorsal vagal motor nucleus may play a role in vomiting induced by cytotoxics. Based on the relative effectiveness of selective antagonists of 5-HT3 receptors and NKi receptors against acute and delayed phases of cisplatin-induced vomiting, it has been suggested that serotonin has a greater role in the acute phase whereas SP has the major role in the delayed phase. [Pg.460]

ADM may evolve over several years, the extent of fiber atrophy provides an important indication of the chronicity of muscle degeneration. Acute muscle necrosis and phagocytosis give some indication as to how active the disease is at the time of biopsy. In most biopsies from ADM patients, the inflammatory cell foci are perivascular and perimysial rather than endomysial and are dominated by B-lymphocytes. The ratio of T4 lymphocytes (helper cells) to T8 lymphocytes (cytotoxic) generally indicates a predominance of the former. As in JDM, this is consistent with humoral mechanisms of cell damage, and vascular involvement is also apparent in the form of capillary endothelial cell abnormalities (tubular arrays) and duplication of basal lamina. Loss of myofibrillar ATPase from the central portions of fibers is a common prelude to muscle necrosis. [Pg.329]

As mentioned previously (and discussed in detail in Sec. IX), contact lens products have specific guidelines that focus on compatibility with the contact lens and biocompatibility with the cornea and conjunctiva [75], These solutions are viewed as new medical devices and require testing with the contact lenses with which they are to be used. Tests include a 21-day ocular study in rabbits and employ the appropriate types of contact lenses with which they are to be used and may include the other solutions that might be used with the lens. Additional tests to evaluate cytotoxicity potential, acute toxicity, sensitization potential (allergenicity), and risks specific to the preparation are also required [75-77], These tests are sufficient to meet requirements in the majority of countries, though testing requirements for Japan are currently much more extensive. [Pg.427]

Two groups demonstrated that BRCA-1- and BRCA-2-deficient cells are acutely sensitive to PARPi [11,12]. Potent inhibitors like KU0058684 (5), KU0058948 (6), and AG14361 (26) were cytotoxic at nanomolar concentrations in HR-defective cells, and displayed excellent selectivity for BRCA-1- and BRCA-2-deficient cells over wild-type cells. After 24 h of exposure, 5 elicited G2 or M phase cell cycle arrest and a tetraploid DNA content. The applicability of this discovery was revealed when BRCA-2-deficient and BRCA-2-proficient cells were injected into mice and tumors were allowed to develop. Daily treatment with 5 or 26 had no effect on the BRCA-2 wild-type cells however, when BRCA-2-deficient cells were treated with PARPi, no tumors developed. [Pg.231]

Platinum complexes are cytotoxic agents yet the paradigm in cancer chemotherapy has moved to a more targeted approach, with special emphasis on signaling pathways. In this respect a remarkable story is that of arsenic trioxide, As203 (Trisenox, Cell Therapeutics Inc, Seattle, USA) which was approved by the FDA in September 2000 for treatment of acute promomyelo-cytic leukemia (APL) in patients who have relapsed or are refractory to retinoid and anthracycline chemotherapy. An estimated 1,500 new cases of APL are diagnosed yearly in the US, of which an... [Pg.826]

The answer is c. (Hardman, pp 649—650.) Acute hyperuricemia, which often occurs in patients who are treated with cytotoxic drugs for neoplasic disorders, can lead to the deposition of urate crystals in the kidneys and their collecting ducts. This can produce partial or complete obstruction of the collecting ducts, renal pelvis, or ureter. Allopurinol and its primary metabolite, alloxanthine, are inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypo xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. The use of allopurinol in patients at risk can markedly reduce the likelihood that they will develop acute uric acid nephropathy. [Pg.216]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.331 ]




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Effective Cell-Based Assays for Marked and Acute Cytotoxicity

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