Relative growth rate

Galvanostatic, potentiostatic as well as potentiodynamic techniques can be used to electropolymerize suitable monomeric species and form the corresponding film on the electrode. Provided that the maximum formation potentials for all three techniques are the same, the resulting porperties of the films will be broadly similar. The potentiodynamic experiment in particular provides useful information on the growth rate of conducting polymers. The increase in current with each cycle of a multisweep CV is a direct measure of the increase in the surface of the redoxactive polymer and, hence, a suitable measure of relative growth rates (Fig. 5). 

The relative growth rate per cycle v is calculated from the peak current of the respective polymer oxidation using Eq. (3) ... 

Figure 17 Predicted changes in the relative growth rates of two tomato cultivars grown under sufficient and insufficient levels of phosphorus. The inset shows the changes in root mass plant mass ratio of the cultivars in the low-P soil. (From Ref. 28.)...

Relative growth rate of the side pores to that of the main pores... 

J. Prywer, Correlation between growth of high-index faces, relative growth rates and crystallographic structure of crystal, Eur. Phys. J. B 25, 61-68 (2002). 

Figure 2. Top normalized average relative growth rates of groups of western tent caterpillar larvae raised in the laboratory of leaves from test, nearby control, and far control Sitka willow trees. The test trees were loaded with tent caterpillar colonies on the indicated date. Bottom density of tent caterpillar larvae attacking the...

Leaf quality of the four groups of trees before and after load was compared by measuring the relative growth rates of web-worm larvae (14-20 larvae per replicate, one replicate per tree) fed leaves from the assay branches over a one to three day period In the laboratory (Figure 3). These assay larvae were collected from alder and fed willow for two days prior to the feeding experiments. Since mass changes of starved Insects were not measured. 

Higher growth rates of the larvae fed leaves from willows at the airport site than those fed leaves from willows at the Kent site, throughout the experiment, show that significant and fairly constant differences in leaf quality can exist between trees at different sites. Normalized relative growth rates of webworms fed detached leaves in the laboratory were similar to those obtained by growing webworms on the trees. 

Experiments were conducted to test some features of spring vs. summer wood and the relative growth rate of stave wood. Sections of barrel staves of American and French origin were tested in an Instron universal testing machine for the force necessary to cause the wood to yield under pressure of a blunt point 0.5 mm in diameter. The force necessary in the summer wood in the same radial direction as fluid would... 

Detailed studies on the growth rates of the individual faces of a-lactose crystals have appreciably increased our understanding of the crystallization process. All the habits of lactose crystals found in dairy products are crystallographically equivalent to the tomahawk form different relative growth rates on the crystal faces account for the var-... 

Inspection of flower primordia in the Japanese cucumber, Somohanhiak, revealed that both staminate and pistillate primordia are present in each flower, and sex expression at anthesis is apparently dependent upon the relative growth rates of the two types of primordia (10). Perhaps this is also true for other cucumber varieties. Thus, environmental or chemical alterations in flower sex expression probably fall under the category of regulation which is an effect on development or maturation, rather than induction or differentiation. 

Ethylene production has increased many fold in the last 40 to 50 years. In the United States, from 1960 to 2000, ethylene production increased from about 2.6 to 30 million metric tons/year while propylene production increased from 1.2 to 14 million tons/year. The growth rates on a yearly basis have, of course, depended in this time period on economic conditions in both the United States and worldwide. In 2000, worldwide production of ethylene was about 88 million tons/year the production capacity was 104 million tons/year. In 1960, about 70% of both the ethylene and the propylene produced was in the United States. Relative growth rates in the last few years of both ethylene and propylene production have... 

Relative growth rate (In weight2 - In weight1)/(time2 - time ) Varies ... 

The crystals of a-hydrate lactose usually occur in a prism or tomahawk shape. The latter is the basic shape and all other shapes are derived from it by different relative growth rates of the various faces. The shape of an a-hydrate lactose crystal is shown in Figure 4-17. The crystal has been character-... 

Figure 25.12 Relative growth rates. (Sources IMS Health [prescription and dollar value] BHPr Pharmacist Supply Model [pharmacists].)...

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