Cytidylate

Clindamycin 3-phosphate [28708-34-17, antibacterially inactive in vitro, and the ribonucleotides clindamycin 3-(5 -cytidylate) [31186-90-0], clindamycin 3-(5 -adenylate) [31186-91-1], clindamycin 3-(5 -uridylate) [36010-69-2], and clindamycin 3-(5 -guanylate) [36010-70-5], all inactive in vitro, can be generated... 

Cytosine was isolated from hydrolysis of calf thymus in 1894 and by 1903 its structure was known and it had been synthesized from 2-ethylthiopyrimidin-4(3H)-one. The acid hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid gives nucleotides, among which are two cytidylic acids, 2 -and 3 -phosphates of cytidine further hydrolysis gives cytidine itself, i.e. the 1-/3-D-ribofuranoside of cytosine, and thence cytosine. The deoxyribonucleic acids likewise yield deoxyribonucleotides, including cytosine deoxyribose-5 -phosphate, from which the phosphate may be removed to give cytosine deoxyriboside and thence cytosine. 

DMTr = 4,4 -dimethoxytrityl Bj, 83, B3, B4 = adenyl, cytidyl, guanyl, thymidyl... 

Further computational studies on adenines and adenosines concern the reaction mechanism of ribonuclease A with cytidyl-3,5 -adenosine [99BP697] and the molecular recognition of modified adenine nucleotides [99JMC5338]. 

C9H14N308P-3 H20 Cytidine 2 -phosphate, trihydrate (cytidylic acid A, trihydrate) CYTDPO10 31 360... 

This reaction has also been shown to occur in cytidine, cytidylic acid, uracil, uridine, and uridylic acid (found in RNA) but reportedly not in thymine, thymidine, or thymidylic acid/55 The photohydration has been found to be partially reversible, dehydration being nearly complete at extremes of temperature and pH. 

Indirect evidence has been obtained by physical methods. It has been shown that the density of cytidylic acid b is eighteen parts per million... 

For various reasons, the generalizations mentioned above must be regarded as strictly provisional. Analyses utilizing formic acid indicate the presence of more than one phosphorus atom per purine or pyrimidine residue. This discrepancy, it is pointed out, could equally well result from an apparent deficiency of bases, due to error in the analytical technique.160 It is also necessary to consider that some nucleic acids are now known to contain more bases than was previously realized. Thus, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-cytosine is present in various viruses,181-182 and 5-methylcytosine occurs in various animal and plant deoxyribonucleic acids but is absent from those of microbial origin.17-160-1M- 184- 186 Certain microbial deoxyribonucleic acids also contain 6-methylaminopurine.186a Various bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acids have been found to contain a component which is believed to consist of a D-glucoside186b of 5 -(hydroxymethyl)cytidylic acid. 

Cytosine Cytidine Cytidylic add Cytidine monophosphate (CMP) Cytidine diphosphate (CDP) Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)... 

Cytidylate reductase, the enzyme that reduces cytidine diphosphate to 2-deoxycytidine diphosphate is inhibited not only by 1- -D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine, but also by 9 -D-arabinofuranosyladenine [330] and 9-/3-D-arabino-furanosylpurine-6( 1 H)-thione (LXXV) [331-333]. 9-Butylthioguanine (LXXVl), which is catabolized to unidentified excretion products but which is not debutylated, blocks the incorporation of adenine into DNA, but the exact mechanism of this action is unknown [334]. 

C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase catalyses the conversion of 4-diphospho-cytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MECDP) (Equation (7)). This reaction is part of the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway in many plants and bacteria. The structure of the E. coli enzyme bound to Mn, cytosine monophosphate, and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate has been determined. The enzyme in the crystal and probably in solution is trimeric, three monomers are packed in a circular assembly with three-fold symmetry. The active site is at the interface of two adjacent monomers all the ligands bound to the Mn + come from one monomer and a MECDP molecule. The structure of this active site is shown in Figure 29 ... 

CARNOSINE SYNTHETASE CHAPERONES CHOLINE KINASE CHOLOYL-CoA SYNTHETASE COBALAMIN ADENOSYLTRANSFERASE 4-COUMAROYL-CoA SYNTHETASE CREATINE KINASE CTP SYNTHETASE CYTIDYLATE KINASE 2-DEHYDRO-3-DEOXYGLUCONOKINASE DEHYDROGLUCONOKINASE DEOXYADENOSINE KINASE DEOXYADENYLATE KINASE DEOXYCYTIDINE KINASE (DEOXYjNUCLEOSIDE MONOPHOSPHATE KINASE DEOXYTHYMIDINE KINASE DEPHOSPHO-CoA KINASE DETHIOBIOTIN SYNTHASE DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE DIHYDROFOLATE SYNTHETASE DNA GYRASES DNA REVERSE GYRASE ETHANOLAMINE KINASE EXONUCLEASE V... 

CYSTATHIONINE /3-LYASE CYTIDINE DEAMINASE CYTIDYLATE KINASE Cytochrome be, complex,... 

CYTIDYLATE KINASE 3-DEOXY-D-manno-OCTULOSONATE ALDOLASE... 

The behavior of cytosine and cytidylic acid during photolysis are quite different existing reports about the behavior of cytosine are contradictory. It should be noted that neither the cytosine hydrate nor the dimer has been isolated from photolyzed solutions nor identified by comparison with known substances. Early work7 reports that photolysis of cytosine in solution resulted in a decrease in absorption at 270 nm, and an increase at 240 nm. This transformation was partly reversible at room temperature,7 but the reversal was prevented by the presence of 0.1M NaCl. The quantum yield for disappearance of cytosine was about 1 to 2 x 10-3. 

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