Cytidine 5 -diphosphate

Cytidine-diphosphate glucose Buffered phosphate diesterase is applied on top of the sample, covered with parafilm and warmed to 23 °C for 45 to 60 mm Cytidine-5 -mono-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate are formed [42]... 

Common Name Citidoline cytidine diphosphate choline Structural Formula ... 

The pH of 1.2 liters of filtrate containing 3.B mg/ml of cytidine diphosphate choline, obtained by removing solid matters from the culturing liquor, was adjusted to a pH of B.5 with a 0.5N KOH solution. The filtrate was passed through a column of strongly basic anion exchange resin, Dowex 1 x 2 (formic acid type). After washing the resin with water, a formic acid... 

FIGURE 3.37 Structure of molybdopterin conjugated with cytidine diphosphate. 

Figure 12 Gradient separation of bases, nucleosides and nucleoside mono- and polyphosphates. Column 0.6 x 45 cm. Aminex A-14 (20 3 p) in the chloride form. Eluent 0.1 M 2-methyl-2-amino-l-propanol delivered in a gradient from pH 9.9-100 mM NaCl to pH 10.0-400 mM NaCl. Flow rate 100 ml/hr. Temperature 55°C. Detection UV at 254 nm. Abbreviations (Cyt) cytosine, (Cyd) cytidine, (Ado) adenosine, (Urd) uridine, (Thyd) thymidine, (Ura) uracil, (CMP) cytidine monophosphate, (Gua) guanine, (Guo) guanosine, (Xan) xanthine, (Hyp) hypoxanthine, (Ino) inosine, (Ade) adenosine, (UMP) uridine monophosphate, (CDP) cytidine diphosphate, (AMP) adenosine monophosphate, (GMP) guanosine monophosphate, (IMP) inosine monophosphate, (CTP) cytidine triphosphate, (ADP) adenosine diphosphate, (UDP) uridine monophosphate, (GDP) guanosine diphosphate, (UTP) uridine triphosphate, (ATP) adenosine triphosphate, (GTP), guanosine triphosphate. (Reproduced with permission of Elsevier Science from Floridi, A., Palmerini, C. A., and Fini, C., /. Chromatogr., 138, 203, 1977.)...

APBD adult polyglucosan body disease CDP-DAG cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol... 

Cytosine Cytidine Cytidylic add Cytidine monophosphate (CMP) Cytidine diphosphate (CDP) Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)... 

During the past 15 years data from experiments with different types of animal tissues and micro-organisms, using intact cells, crude extracts or purified enzymes, have firmly established the general occurrence of nucleotide reductases and have stressed their importance for DNA synthesis in essentially all types of rapidly growing cells [54]. It has been proposed that ribonucleotide diphosphates lose a hydroxide ion from C-2 to form a carbonium ion which is then stero-specifically reduced by a hydride ion derived from thioredoxin [54]. Adenosine diphosphate and guanosine diphosphate (as well as uridine and cytidine diphosphates) are reduced in this manner. 

Cytidylate reductase, the enzyme that reduces cytidine diphosphate to 2-deoxycytidine diphosphate is inhibited not only by 1- -D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine, but also by 9 -D-arabinofuranosyladenine [330] and 9-/3-D-arabino-furanosylpurine-6( 1 H)-thione (LXXV) [331-333]. 9-Butylthioguanine (LXXVl), which is catabolized to unidentified excretion products but which is not debutylated, blocks the incorporation of adenine into DNA, but the exact mechanism of this action is unknown [334]. 

The enzyme is also responsible for converting cytidine diphosphate (CDP) to 2 -dCDP and uridine diphosphate (UDP) to 2 -dUDP for use in making nucleotides for DNA synthesis. 

Choline and ethanolamine are activated in much the same way as are sugars. For example, choline can be phosphorylated using ATP (Eq. 17-58, step a) and the phosphocholine formed can be further converted (Eq. 17-58, step b) to cytidine diphosphate choline. Phosphocholine is transferred from the latter onto a suitable acceptor to form the final product (Eq. 17-58, step c). Tire polymerization pattern differs from that for polysaccharide synthesis. When the sugar nucleotides react, the entire nucleoside diphosphate is eliminated (Eq. 17-56), but CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine react with elimination of CMP (Eq. 

Figure 21-3 Major pathways of synthesis of fatty acids and glycerolipids in the green plant Arabidopsis. The major site of fatty acid synthesis is chloroplasts. Most is exported to the cytosol as oleic acid (18 1). After conversion to its coenzyme A derivative it is converted to phosphatidic acid (PA), diacylglycerol (DAG), and the phospholipids phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Desaturation also occurs, and some linoleic and linolenic acids are returned to the chloroplasts. See text also. From Sommerville and Browse.106 See also Figs. 21-4 and 21-5. Other abbreviations monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGD), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGD), sulfolipid (SL), glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), acyl carrier protein (ACP), cytidine diphosphate-DAG (CDP-DAG).

Glaser and Burger, using membrane preparations of several bacterial species and various nucleotide precursors, prepared in vitro a few kinds of teichoic acids which were identical with samples extracted from the cell walls of the studied strains. The following TA chain precursors were used cytidine diphosphate glycerol (CDP-... 

Phosphatidylserine, L-a-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine, and cytidine diphosphate choline have shown positive effects. 

Common Name Citidoline Cytidine diphosphate choline... 

Fig. 2. Targeted lipidomics of 2-AG metabolism. Postulated pathways for 2-AG metabolism. Abbreviations PLC, phospholipase C DAG, diacylglycerol DGL, diacylglycerol lipase MGL, monoacylglycerol lipase PLA, phospholipase A AT, acyltransferase TAGL, triacylglycerol lipase PIP2, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate ABHD-6/12 hydrolase lyso-PL, lysophospholipid lyso-PA, lysophosphatidic acid PA, phosphatidic add P, phosphatase COX, cydooxygen-ase LOX, lipoxygenase CYP450, cytochrome P450 CDP, cytidine diphosphate.

Raetz, C.R., Kennedy, E.R Function of cytidine diphosphate-diglyceride and deoxycytidine diphosphate-diglyceride in the biogenesis of membrane lipids in Escherichia coll. J Biol Chem 248 (1973) 1098-1105. 

Arrange ATP, dAMP, and CDP (cytidine diphosphate) in order of increasing net negative charge at pH 7. 

CDP cytidine diphosphate CMP cytidine monophosphate CoA coenzyme A CoQ coenzyme Q (ubiquinone)... 

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