Deoxyribonucleic acid plant

The hydroxyl at C 2 m D nbose is absent m 2 deoxy d nbose In Chapter 28 we shall see how derivatives of 2 deoxy d nbose called deoxynbonucleotides are the funda mental building blocks of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) the material responsible for stor mg genetic information L Rhamnose is a compound isolated from a number of plants Its carbon chain terminates m a methyl rather than a CH2OH group... 

Chemotherapeutic agents are grouped by cytotoxic mechanism. The alkylating agents, such as cyclophosphamide [50-18-0] and melphalan [148-82-3] interfere with normal cellular activity by alkylation deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Antimetabohtes, interfering with complex metaboHc pathways in the cell, include methotrexate [59-05-2] 5-fluorouracil [51-21-8] and cytosine arabinoside hydrochloride [69-74-9]. Antibiotics such as bleomycin [11056-06-7] and doxombicin [23214-92-8] h.a.ve been used, as have the plant alkaloids vincristine [57-22-7] and vinblastine [865-21-4]. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of all organisms, including plants, ani-... 

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA, Fig. 3-13) is the genetic material of all organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. (Some viruses lack DNA, but use RNA (ribonucleic acid) in its place.) DNA carries all the hereditary information of the organism and is therefore replicated and passed from parent to offspring. RNA is formed on DNA in the nucleus of the... 

Although pyridines and quinolines were first produced during the carbonization of coal, they are now available by synthesis in quantities that far exceed those by the former. Phosphorylated ribosides of hydroxylated and aminated pyrimidines and purines make up the basic structure of ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids. The polycyclic oxaarenes are plant metabolites, while thiaarenes are primarily important components of high-sulfur petroleum that must be removed. 

For various reasons, the generalizations mentioned above must be regarded as strictly provisional. Analyses utilizing formic acid indicate the presence of more than one phosphorus atom per purine or pyrimidine residue. This discrepancy, it is pointed out, could equally well result from an apparent deficiency of bases, due to error in the analytical technique.160 It is also necessary to consider that some nucleic acids are now known to contain more bases than was previously realized. Thus, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-cytosine is present in various viruses,181-182 and 5-methylcytosine occurs in various animal and plant deoxyribonucleic acids but is absent from those of microbial origin.17-160-1M- 184- 186 Certain microbial deoxyribonucleic acids also contain 6-methylaminopurine.186a Various bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acids have been found to contain a component which is believed to consist of a D-glucoside186b of 5 -(hydroxymethyl)cytidylic acid. 

Figure 9.12 Deoxy derivatives. These contain one less oxygen atom than the monosaccharide from which they are derived. 2-Deoxyribose is a most important deoxy pentose and is a major constituent of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Deoxy hexoses are widely distributed among plants, animals and microorganisms especially as components of complex polysaccharides. Examples are rhamnose (6-deoxymannose), a component of bacterial cell walls, and fucose (6-deoxygalactose), which is often found in glycoproteins and is an important constituent of human blood group substances.

Our studies have shown that cotton dust extracts contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) (27). DNA is present in varying concentrations in cardroom cotton dust (28) and emanates from bacteria, fungi, protozoa and plant cells. DNA might be important in the pathogenesis of byssinosis, as minute amounts can cause complement conversion. 

A new phytoremediation technology is being developed for treating heavy-metal-contaminated soils. Researchers at the University of Georgia have modified two bacterial genes, merA and merB, and inserted them into the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of certain plants, enabling them... 

The discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid dates to 1869, when Miescher isolated a new chemical substance from white blood cells that he obtained from pus and later from sperm cells.3 The material, which became known as nucleic acid, occurred in both plants and animals, thymus glands and yeast cells being among the best sources. Chemical studies indicated that the nucleic acids isolated from thymus glands and from yeast cells were different. As we now know, thymus nucleic acid was primarily DNA and yeast nucleic acid primarily RNA. For a while it was suspected that animals contained only DNA and plants only RNA, and it was not until the early 1940s that it was established that both substances were present in all organisms.3 ... 

In the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the macromolecular nucleic acids are of prime importance in biology because they carry the building plan for each living individual. They are identically reduplicated and inherited from one generation to the next, be it bacterium, plant, animal, or man. The information about every feature of and about every molecule contained in a living being is encoded in the nucleotide sequence of its DNA, which is read out and translated into the amino acid sequences of its proteins. In the many different steps involved in this protein biosynthesis, information transfer takes place which would be impossible without the weak hydrogen bonds. Because they can easily and rapidly be formed and broken, they are ideally suited for these dynamic processes which are so important for life. 

Two enz)mies of pyrrolidine alkaloid formation responsible for the conversion of putrescine to the N-methylpyrrolinium ion have been investigated in some detail. PMT, partially purified from cultures of Hyoscyamus niger and fully characterized from Datura stramonium, has been cloned by differential screening of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) libraries from high- and low-nicotine-yielding N. tabacum plants (Hibi et ah, 1994). The enzyme shows considerable sequence homology to spermidine synthase but is distinct from this enz)mie as it only shows PMT activity when expressed in Escherichia coli. MPO has been isolated in pure form from N. tabacum transformed root cultures (McLauchlan et ah, 1993). It is quite widely spread in... 

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