5’-thymidylic acid

Folates carry one-carbon groups in transfer reactions required for purine and thymidylic acid synthesis. Dihydrofolate reductase is the enzyme responsible for supplying reduced folates intracellularly for thymidylate and purine synthesis. 

This reaction has also been shown to occur in cytidine, cytidylic acid, uracil, uridine, and uridylic acid (found in RNA) but reportedly not in thymine, thymidine, or thymidylic acid/55 The photohydration has been found to be partially reversible, dehydration being nearly complete at extremes of temperature and pH. 

If thymidylic acid is heated with cyanamide at pH 3, oligomers, for the most part cyclic, are formed, presumably via activated phosphate intermediates such as (68).107 On addition of acid salts, the same reactions can be realized at neutral pH.108... 

Aminouracil produces a block in the mitotic cycle of various plants. For example, cessation of mitosis occurred in Vida faba roots incubated 24 h with this compound [392—394]. Depending on different experimental conditions, thymidine or thymidylic acid may or may not alleviate these effects [392—394]. It was concluded that 5-aminouracil depressed the rate of DNA synthesis, which led to an accumulation of cells in the S phase. After removal of the agent, DNA synthesis resumed. Similar results have been observed with Allium cepa and Haplopappus gracilis [395, 396]. Inhibition of guanosine incorporation into RNA of meristematic cells in Vida faba by 5-aminouracil was also reported [397]. 

Biological, chemical. X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption, e.s.r., n.m.r., luminescence, and quantum studies show that dimer formation is universally observed in irradiated frozen solutions of thymine, thymidine, uridine, thymidylic acid and related compounds, and in DNA [560—576]. The purines of DNA, on the other hand, are little affected [577, 578]. Thymine dimers obtained in frozen solution can be converted to the original monomers by ultraviolet... 

Comparable studies on the photolysis of thymidylic acid do not appear to have yet been done. 

For a ribosyl derivative if the sugar is deoxyribose, these names are prefixed by deoxy-, i.e., deoxycytidine. However, by custom, thymidine and thymidylic acid always refer to the deoxy derivative. 

Polydeoxyinosinic-deoxycytidylic acid sodium salt Polydeoxyadenylic-thymidylic acid sodium salt Polydeoxyguanylic-deoxycytidylic acid sodium salt Polydeoxyguanylic-polydeoxycytidylic acid sodium salt Polycytidylic-polyguanylic acid sodium salt Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid sodium salt 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine Further oxidation products of 8-oxo-G... 

Regarding the ionized forms of uracil (or thymine), Sinsheimer et al,327 suggested that uridylic and thymidylic acids ionized at the C-4 and C-2... 

BINDING OF POLY-A BY THYMIDYLIC ACID ANCHORED ON Al-MICA... 

Figure 2. Thymidylic acid bound through its phosphate group to aluminum-exchanged mica. The thymidylic acid further adsorbs a poly-A tail of messenger RNA by hydrogen bonding, represented on top. The necessary active center for thymidylic acid are surface aluminol groups as discussed in text.

A short time later, these authors reported an elegant adaptation of this work for the synthesis of multisubstrate analogues (170a-c) of the proposed intermediate in the thymidylate synthase-mediated synthesis of thymidylic acid, as... 

Thymine Deoxyribose Thymidine Thymidylic acid thymidine monophosphate (dTMP) Thymidine diphosphate (dTDP) Thymidine triphosphate (dTTP)... 

Figure 10.11 Biosynthesis of thymidylic acid from deoxyuridylic acid.

Fluorouracil [flure oh YOOR a sil] (5-FU), a pyrimidine analog, has a stable fluorine atom in place of a hydrogen atom at position 5 of the uracil ring. The fluorine interferes with the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid, thus depriving the cell of one of the essential precursors for DNA synthesis. 

Fig. 9. Influence of the overall charge density of the latexes on the adsorbed and grafted poly(thymidylic) acid amounts. Diamond adsorbed and grafted dT35 amount. Circle residual covalently grafted amount after desorption [41]...

Thymine, T Thymidylic acid, TMP Deoxythymidylic acid, dTMP... 

It is noteworthy that the infected system contains the 2-deoxy-D-ri-bose nucleotides of adenine, guanine, and uridine, in contrast to the nucleotide in the normal system. It has, however, been reported that even the normal Escherichia coli cells contain 2-deoxyadenylic acid, 2-deoxy-guanylic acid, and thymidylic acid. 

The accumulation of 2-deoxyadenosine and thymidylic acid in Escherichia coli B after ultraviolet irradiation of the cells has been reported. - "... 

In 1981, Beaucage and Caruthers4 extended the domain of phosphorus(lll) chemistry with the development of the phosphoramidite approach to oligonucleotide synthesis (see reviews in section 1.9.5.) which, in its later variants, is unsurpassed in its speed and efficiency in both solid and solution phase. An early synthesis of thymidylic acid derivative 1.7 illustrates the phosphoramidite approach [Scheme 7.1]. The sequence begins with the conversion of the 3 -hy-droxyl of nucleoside 1.1 to the phosphoramidite 13 by reaction with chloro-... 

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