Cylinder test

W. G. Dukek, Ball-on-Cylinder Testing for Aviation Fuel Lubricity, SAE 881537, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1988. 

It is essential to use a slow-speed (approximately 0.1 r/min) picket rake in all cylinder tests to prevent particle bridging and allow the sample to attain the underflow density which is obtainable in a full-scale thickener. 

Cuvette Small cylinder (test tube) used to hold a sample in a spectrophotometer. Cycle The sequence of events in a heat engine, refrigerating machine, or any prtKess where, during the performance of mechanical work, heat is supplied to and rejected from the working fluid, which is returned to its original condition. 

Rothwell and Wain (126) have isolated in crystalline form a growth inhibitor from Lupinus luteus (yellow lupine) pods which they have partially characterized. Analytical data suggested that the inhibitor possessed the characteristics of an unsaturated hydroxyketo acid. Inhibition in the wheat coleoptile cylinder test was obtained with concentrations of 0.25 to 1.0 p.p.m. 

M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (5 mL) red litmus paper boiling chips hot plate 250-mL beaker 10-mL graduated cylinder test tubes (8) test-tube rack stirring rod dropper beaker tongs... 

Cross-coupling reactions, alkyl, 12 835 Cross-dyeing, 9 198 Crossed cylinder test, 9 714 Crossed-immunoelectrophoresis, 9 755 Crossed-polarized light (XPL),... 

An Empirical BKW Parametrization Based on Cylinder Test Data. 

However, it has recently been shown that when the substituents in the benzene ring of the phenoxy acid are changed, then alternation in activity is exhibited in the wheat-cylinder test, whereas in the pea curvature and leaf epinasty tests, only the first member of the series was active. This means that the / -oxidizing system present in pea and tomato tissue is incapable of degrading the side chain of these particular substituted phenoxy acids. This approach1 opens up the possibility of selectively controlling weeds in a wide range of crops. 

Kury et al (Ref 7) consider the cylinder test to be the most versatile for determining relative performance. The test was developed by Kury et al in I960 and described in conf paper (Ref 3) which was not used as a source of information. The test was later improved and its modified version was described in unclassified Ref 7... 

Table 2, p 5 of Ref 7, entitled "Cylinder Test Results , shows density, detonation velocities and cylinder wall velocities for various pure and mixed HE s. Our table 2 gives some selected values... 

Refs 1) A. Solem et al, NAVORD 4006 (1955) (Description of plate push test) (Conf) (Not used) 2) Cook (1958), 29 (Pin method for determination of detonation velocity) 3) J.W. Kury et al, 3rdONRSympDeton (I960), Vol 3, p 80 (Description of flat plate test and cylinder test) (Conf) (Not used) 4) M.L. Wilkins, Univ of Calif, Lawrence Radiation Lab, Livermore,... 

Cylinder Test for Determination of Metal Acceleration of Explosives of Kury et al is briefly described in this Vol under "Bri-sance, Determination by Method of Acceleration by Explosives ... 

This equation was modified by Kury et al when their experimental data were extended to lower pressures with cylinder test results The equation modified by Kury et al is ... 

Explosive Density g/cc Small-Scale Plate Vel mm/psec Flat Plate Velocity mm/psec Cylinder Test Velocity mm/psec Exptl Heat of Deton, HsO liq keal/g... 

Some experimental cylinder test results at small and large expansions for a varietv of expls are presented below ... 

Sharma (90) has examined the fracture behavior of aluminum-filled elastomers using the biaxial hollow cylinder test mentioned earlier (Figure 26). Biaxial tension and tension-compression tests showed considerable stress-induced anisotropy, and comparison of fracture data with various failure theories showed no generally applicable criterion at the strain rates and stress ratios studied. Sharma and Lim (91) conducted fracture studies of an unfilled binder material for five uniaxial and biaxial stress fields at four values of stress rate. Fracture behavior was characterized by a failure envelope obtained by plotting the octahedral shear stress against octahedral shear strain at fracture. This material exhibited neo-Hookean behavior in uniaxial tension, but it is highly unlikely that such behavior would carry over into filled systems. 

The reader is referred to Ref 1 for a voluminous compilation of detonation properties (detonation velocity and diameter effect, cylinder test performance, plate dent test and detonation failure thickness), shock initiation properties (wedge test data and small and large - scale gap tests), and sensitivity tests (skid test, large-scale drop test or spigot test and spark sensitivity) relevant to LASL research expls Refs 1) T.R. Gibbs A. Popolato, LASL Explosive Property Data , Univ of California Press, Berkeley (1980) 2) B.M. Dobratz,... 

Flat plate test and cylinder test 6 F100—F101... 

Sphere Test. A metal acceleration test for measuring the relative performance of expls (Ref 1). Kury et al found the cylinder test to be more versatile (Ref 2)... 

Deton Press, GPa Detan Vel (Cylinder Test), m/sec Deton Vel at Infinite Diam, m/sec Drop Wt Sensy (12/12B Tools), cm Energy Generation, cal/g-sec Failure Diam (d L89g/cc)... 

Cylinder-test comparison (PBX-9404=1.G0) 0.68 Impulse, Peak Press, 48... 

Appeldom and Tao (1968) and Goldblatt (1971) showed that boundary lubrication is not effective in dry argon under the steel ball-on-cylinder test. In the presence of methyl-naphthalene or indene, wear scar diameters (in mm) are 0.82 or 0.93. Remarkably, these diameters are 0.33 or 0.72 mm in dry air and 0.36 or 0.33 mm in wet air. 

Testing carried out on 152x305 mm cylinders. [Testing carried out on 76x102x406 mm prisms. [Results are at the age of 91 days. 

Uses a single-cylinder test engine (42.3 CID). This engine test is similar to L-38 except that fuel used is unleaded test measures bearing corrosion, sludge, oil oxidation, varnish, and viscosity change. 

Abstract Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is a melt-castable explosive with impressive performance, similar to the well-known related nitrate ester, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Though ETN has been known since 1849, its properties have not been thoroughly investigated. We report here the first y2" copper cylinder tests of ETN, compared with... 

Keywords ETN Erythritol tetranitrate Explosive Performance Cylinder test... 

Small scale, unconfined detonation rate sticks were tested at 3.00 0.03 mm and 6.35 0.03 mm pellet diameters. The ETN pellets were pressed to an initial average density of 1.74 0.01 gem 3 (98% TMD), and pellet expansion was not measured thereafter. These measurements gave a detonation velocity of 7.90 0.13 and 8.03 0.04 mmps 1 at 3.00 and 6.35 mm respectively, which are within uncertainty of the adjusted detonation velocities observed in the cylinder tests, given in Table 1. These velocity measurements demonstrate a critical diameter for ETN of <3 mm, which is consistent with the PETN critical diameter of<1 mm [9]. 

Figure 3. (a) Friction testing of ETN on a copper surface, executed before loading the cylinder with ETN pellets. Unreacted ETN is visible at the edge of the distressed area, (b) Cross section of cylinder test setup showing ETN pellets. 

Erythritol tetranitrate is a melt-castable, high-performance nitrate ester explosive that has recently become important due to its use in homemade explosives. We have investigated the detonation behavior of ETN using cylinder tests and small diameter unconfined rate sticks. Similar performance properties were observed between ETN and the closely related nitrate ester, PETN detonation velocities for the two... 

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