Test sphere

Ibid, UCRL-7797 (1964) (Description of sphere test) 6) M.L. Wilkins, "The Use of One- and Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Machine Calculations in High-Explosive Research", 4thONRSympDeton (1965), pp 519-26 7) J.M. Kury et al, "Metal Acceleration by... 

The constants in eq (2) were evaluated for Comp B, Grade A (RDX/TNT-64/36) expl using the experimental p j and data from cylinder and sphere tests. They are p0 =... 

A unique and considerably more elaborate multiaxial test employs a thick-walled hollow sphere test specimen which may be pressurized internally or externally with a nearly incompressible liquid. Figure 20 illustrates the essential features of the test device as described by Bennet and Anderson (5). The specimen is prepared by casting propellant in a mold fitted with a sand-poly (vinyl alcohol) mandrel inside the sphere which may be removed easily after curing. A constant displacement rate instrument drives the piston to pressurize the chamber and apply large deformations. The piston s total displacement volume is transferred to... 

Sphere Test. A metal acceleration test for measuring the relative performance of expls (Ref 1). Kury et al found the cylinder test to be more versatile (Ref 2)... 

Figure 10. Mass dependence of self-diffusion coefficient of hard-sphere test particle of mass mg in hard-sphere fluid of particles of mass m for Rg = R at density pR, = 0.9 for Rodger-Sceats friction (-----) and Smoluchowski friction (--------). 0—simulation results of Herman and Alder.

Fig. 16 K-Agonists in test set and their property spheres. Test set comprising two morphinans (TAN-821 and morphine), one benzomorphan (bremazocine), one diazabicyclononanone (HZ2),...

KMO and Bartlett s tests of the questionnaire show that the value of KMO of the questionnaire is 0.701, more than 0.70, and the Bartlett sphere test shows the value of 2 is 4601.317, degree of freedom is 1770, the significance probability P equals to 0.00, less than 0.05, rejecting null hypothesis, suggesting the existence of a common factor in overall correlation matrix. Factor analysis is suitable. 

Today, an alternative method that is generally preferred, following extensive research and development in Switzerland, is the 20-L sphere test with a 10,000-J chemical igniter [11,14] (Figure 56.7b). Methods of qualifying explosion severity in the vessel have been described [22] and widely accepted in Europe [23]. 

Dundurs, J., Hamilton, W.S. (1954). Liquidjet disintegration. Northwestern University. Hamilton, W.S. (1953). Water tunnel teaches Bernoulli principle. Civil Engineering 2Ji 2y. 834./" Hamilton, W.S., Lidell, J.E. (1971). Fluid force analysis and accelerating sphere tests. Journal of the Hydraulics Division ASCE 97(HY6) 805-817. 

It should be noted at this point that there are three distinctly different solder balls referred to in this chapter and in publications discussing SMT. The solder sphere test refers to the ability of a volume of solder to form a ball shape due to its inherent surface tension when reflowed (melted). This ball formation is dependent on minimum oxides on the microscopic metal balls that make up the paste, the second type of solder ball. It is also dependent on the abUity of the flux to reduce the oxides that are present, as well as the ramp up of temperature during the preheat and drying phases of the reflow oven profile. Too steep a time/temperature slope can cause rapid escape of entrapped volatile solvents, resulting in expulsion of small amounts of metal, which will form undesirable solder balls of the third type, that is, small metal balls scattered around the solder joint(s) on the substrate itself rather than on the tinned metal of the joint. 

List and define five explosion characteristics that are determined experimentally in the 20 litre sphere test apparatus. 

Jenkins, J. T. and D. Berzi. 2010. Dense inclined flows of inelastic spheres Tests of an extension of kinetic theory. Granular Matter 12,151-158. 

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