Single-cylinder test engine

Representative single-cylinder engine test data (1,2)... 

Uses a single-cylinder Caterpillar test engine (148.8 CID). Single cylinder engine test designed to measure piston deposit control of engine oil. 

Figure 6. Schematic of single cylinder engine test apparatus...

Single-cylinder engine tests X, rate of deactivation and O, lead pickup... 

In single-cylinder engine tests, measurements were made at the temperature of the test. With 1 g Pb/USG (Figure 13), the predominant effect was that of temperature on residual hydrocarbons, and, under the conditions of the test, temperature had only a slight effect on the rate... 

The cetane engine is a variable compression single cylinder engine very much like the octane engine. The engine is mn at 900 rpm and injection is timed to start at 13° before top dead center (BTDC). The compression ratio is adjusted so that the test fuel starts to ignite at exacdy top dead center (TDC), for an ignition delay of 13° or 2.4 ms. Reference fuels are chosen which bracket the sample and the cetane number of the sample is estimated by interpolation between the two reference fuels. 

Octane number is a measure of a fuel s abiUty to avoid knocking. The octane number of a gasoline is deterrnined in a special single-cylinder engine where various combustion conditions can be controlled. The test engine is adjusted to give trace knock from the fuel to be rated. Various mixtures of isooctane (2,2,4-trimethyl pentane) and normal heptane are then used to find the ratio of the two reference fuels that produce the same intensity of knock as that by the unknown fuel. 

The single-cylinder engine with optical access (a) cross section showing quartz windows and the extended piston construction view of the engine during testing. (Courtesy of Dec, J.)... 

Cryogenic materials Established data on properties of weld and base metals in LHj. Hydrogen diesel engine Tested a 100 kW single cylinder engine. 

Uses a single-cylinder test engine (42.3 CID). This engine test is similar to L-38 except that fuel used is unleaded test measures bearing corrosion, sludge, oil oxidation, varnish, and viscosity change. 

Bench tests are carried out either on standard automotive multi-cylinder engines or on single-cylinder engines. 

Both simulated exhaust apparatus and single-cylinder engines were used with tetraethyllead (TEL) and tributyl o-phosphate (TBP) as the test poisons. No halide scavengers were present in the fuel used for the engines to enable correlation with the findings from the simulated tests. 

Poison Interactions. Lead and phosphorus interacted when mixed together in the fuel, and the resultant rate of deactivation was less than that when either was used singly (2). This effect has major implications in the evaluation of exhaust control catalysts, both in the design of oils compatible with catalyst systems and in the lead and phosphorus levels specified in the fuel for certification. Therefore, a series of tests was conducted with single-cylinder engines in order to evaluate these interactions. Data on the hydrocarbon conversion efficiency of the catalyst after 100 hrs running (Table I) clearly demonstrated that deactivation was more serious when lead or phosphorus was present alone, whereas catalyst activity was maintained when both lead and phosphorus were present in the fuel and when phosphorus was combined with zinc in the oil. 

Figure 7. Simulated and engine tests of lead poisoning O, single-cylinder engine data and A, simulated data...

L-02-A-78 Oil Oxidation and Bearing Corrosion Test Using Petter W1 Single Cylinder Gasoline Engine... 

Phase I—Chassis Dynamometer Tests. A 1.3-L engine equipped with a four-speed automatic transmission and complete drive system was calibrated to meet 1974 emissions standards using Indolene reference fuel. This standardized apparatus was then used in conjunction with the federal emissions test procedure to evaluate the performance of methanol/gasoline blends. Results of the single cylinder test program and preliminary evaluations with the chassis dynamometer system indicated that blends should be limited to 10% methanol or less to avoid drive-ability and other problems. A complete discussion of the apparatus and test procedures is given in Ref. 9. 

Figure 6. Log pV vs. timing angle for combustion of a methane-air mixture (X = l.O) in a single-cylinder test engine. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 15. Copyright 1983, Combustion Science and Technology.)...

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