Cyber-Physical Systems

Cyber-physical systems refer to engineered systems that are built from and depend upon the synergy of computational and physical components (NSF 12-520 2012). To support the distributed personalization design collaboration and on-demand manufacturing, it is necessary to integrate computational tools with the physical design and manufacturing systems. The development of new user interface methods and tools for... 

NSF 12-520 (2012) Cyber-physical systems (CPS) program solicitation. National Science Foundation. http //www. nsf.gov/pubs/2012/nsf12520/nsf12520.htm. Accessed 19 June 2013... 

The Cyber Physical System (CPS) encompasses the integration of computation and physical processes. CPS comprises embedded computing devices and networks that monitor and control physical processes, with feedback loops when physical processes affect computations and vice versa. Interaction with the physical environment will provide added value with new capabilities and characteristics to systems, while inclusion of physical processes not only increases the complexity of the system but also increases the uncertainties in the behavior of the system [58]. 

The computation behavior of the system is not only dependent on its internal configmntion but is guided by parameters from the physical world. These external factors may either reflect an adaptive mode in which changes in the environment determine changes in the computational system or may be determined by internal imperatives in which a monitoring process examines the computational behavior of a system and determines appropriate evolutionary actions when the system requires modification. This paves the path for the self-evolutionary cyber physical system (eCPS), which automatically detects the changes in external circumstances or internal conditions and is prepared to handle the changes. 

ASCoMS 2014 focuses on fundamental challenges in ensuring that safety requirements are satisfied despite the increased system complexity and the uncertainties introduced by operation in open and not well defined environments, motivated by new systems of systems that will be established in the era of Cyber-Physical Systems. 

ARTEMIS/ECSEL The European Cyber-Physical Systems Initiative... 

D. Schneider, E. Armengaud and E. Schoitsch Towards Trust Assurance and Certification in Cyber-Physical Systems. [EMC ]... 

Oertel, M., Mahdi, A., B5de, E., Rettberg, A. Contract-based safety Specification and application guidelines. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Emerging Ideas and Trends in Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems (2014)... 

Towards Trust Assurance and Certification in Cyber-Physical Systems... 

Keywords Cyber-physical systems, trust, safety, security, system engineering. 

These challenges are aggravated by the fact that many CPS applications are inherently safety- and security-critical and adequate safety / security assurance (and certification) is thus indispensable. Safety / security co-engineering is consequently a pre-requisite for enabling full deployment of cyber-physical systems. Missing dependability evidence can be a show stopper for product release or even lead to costly recall action. On the other side, proper dependability development usually leads to reduction of V V costs and avoid late and costly re-design [29]. 

Steiner, M., Liggesmeyer, P. Combination of Safety and Security Analysis - Finding Security Problems That Threaten The Safety of a System. In SAFECOMP 2013 - Workshop DECS (ERCIM/EWICS Workshop on Dependable Embedded and Cyber-physical Systems) of the 32nd International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security (2013)... 

Abstract. Safety and security are two important aspects in the analysis of cyber-physical systems (CPSs). In this short paper, we apply a new safety and security analysis method to intelligent and cooperative vehicles, in order to examine attack possibilities and failure scenarios. The method is based on the FMEA technique for safety analysis, with extensions to cover information security. We examine the feasibility and efficiency of the method, and determine the next steps for developing the combined analysis method. 

Keywords safety and security analysis, vulnerability and effect analysis, FMEA, FMVEA, cyber-physical system (CPS), failure mode, threat mode, intelligent vehicle. 

Lee, E.A., Seshia, S.A. Introduction to Embedded Systems - A Cyber-Physical Systems Approach, 1 edn. Lee and Seshia (2010)... 

Estimating the refiability of a cyber-physical system is significantly complicated by interdependencies among its cyber and physical components, as a failure in the physical network could cause a subsequent cyber failure, and vice versa. A number of studies related to this paper describe efforts to capture these interdependencies. 

In this paper, we presented a reliability model for the advanced electric power grid, as a cyber-physical system, with a focus on software faults. FACTS devices, which control the flow of power in the physical infrastructure, were the tools of choice in carrying out cyber control. The effect of this form of cyber control on the overall reliability of the grid was quantitatively investigated using simulation, for different failure modes of the FACTS devices. 

This research described in this paper laid the groundwork for the next stage of our analysis of cyber-physical systems software fault injection into the cyber control. The insight gained into root causes of FACTS device failure will be used to further refine the reliability models, facilitating accurate quantitative analysis of reliability of the power grid. 

Vedder, B., Arts, T., Vinter, J., Jonsson, M. Combining fault-injection with property-based testing. In Proc. of Int. Workshop on Engineering Simulations for Cyber-Physical Systems, ES4CPS 2014, pp. 1-8. ACM, New York (2014)... 

The system considered in the sequel is a h3q>othetical cyber-physical system used to transport a polluting substance. It is composed of a pipeline equipped with... 

Komecki, A., Subramanian, N., Zalewski, J. Studying interrelationships of safety and security for software assurance in cyber-physical systems Approach based on bayesian behef networks. In 2013 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), pp. 1393-1399 (2013)... 

Sun, M., Mohan, S., Sha, L., Gunter, C. Addressing safety and security contradictions in cyber-physical systems. In 1st Workshop on Future Directions in Cyber-Physical Systems Security (CPSS 2009), Newark, United States (2009)... 

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