Culture questionnaires

One means of gathering data for monitor indicators is patient safety culture questionnaires. We have developed a patient safety culture questionnaire, TUKU, that measures employees perceptions of the organisational functions depicted in Table 9.4 as well as employees psychological states, such as sense of control and worry about patient safety (Reiman et al. 2013). In one hospital, the results of the questionnaire were compared with the ratio of patient safety incidents at the hospital s 40 units 16 months after the safety culture questionnaire was administered. The results, which must be treated with caution due to the small sample size, indicated that perceptions of work process management , work conditions management . 

Reiman, T., Silla, I. and Pietikainen, E. 2013. The validity of the Nordic patient safety culture questionnaire TUKU. International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, 25(3), 169-84. 

Pryseley, A.N. 2008. The Validation of the French Translation of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire. Unpublished Report, CenStat, Intemniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt, Universiteit Hasselt. 

Work began on the EUROCONTROL safety culture questionnaire in the early 2000s with a review of the safety culture literature. The review identified constracts of potential importance for measurement in ATM. The review focused on safety culture research from 2001-05 (and the review by Guldenmund 2000). 

Phase 5 Continuous Review and Development of the EUROCONTROL Safety Culture Questionnaire... 

Gordon, R., Kirwan, B., Meams, K., Kennedy, R. and Jensen, C.L. 1001. A Safety Culture Questionnaire for European Air Traffic Management. Paper to ESREL 2007, Stavanger, June, 2007. 

Kirwan, B., Meams, K. and Shorrock, S. 2012. The EUROCONTROL Safety Culture Questionnaire Lessons from Application. Paper to PSAM 11, Helsinki, Finland, 25-9 June 2012. 

ShoiTock, S.T, Meams, K., Laing, C. and Kirwan, B. 2011. Developing a safety culture questionnaire for European air traffic management Learning from experience. In M. Anderson (ed.). Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2011. London Taylor and Francis, 56-63. 

Stanton, N. and Glendon, I., Safety Culture Questionnaire, Griffith University, Australia and University of Southampton, England, 1996 (Private communication)... 

The general consensus within the literatnre is that assessing employee attitudes alone is not satisfactory when wishing to measnre an organization s safety culture, as they can only elicit safety perceptions and attitndes (HSE, 2005a). Other methods that can be used in addition to safety culture questionnaires include observational studies, focus groups, interviews, case studies, surveys, and qnestionnaires. 

Glendon, Stanton, and Harrison (1994) developed the Safety Culture Questionnaire (SCQ) for assessing safety cultures across the following eight dimensions ... 

FIGURE 15.9 Safety culture questionnaire extract. (From Stanton, N.A. and Glendon, A.I., Safety Science, 22(1-3), 1-13, 1996. With permission.)... 

FIGURE 15.12 Mean overall safety culture questionnaire ratings per job role group. 

The FAQLQ-PF and -TF were developed and validated in four stages (1) item generation using focus groups with both children and parents, expert opinion, and literature review (2) item reduction, using clinical impact and factor analysis (3) internal and test-retest reliability and construct validity were evaluated and (4) cross-cultural and content validity was examined by administering the questionnaire in a US sample (FAQLQ-PF, only). 

Other key ideas within the cognitive theories that are often employed within social research are those of values, attitudes and beliefs (Baron et a/. 2006). These elements are often seen as the basic criteria of many social phenomena, including the highly complex concept of culture, although it is attitudes, the inherent disposition to respond favourably or unfavourably to an object/person/ event (Aronson et a/. 2007), that are most frequently used, due to their accessibility through tools such as questionnaires or observed behaviours (Ajzen 2005). In construction, safety management often draws on this way of thinking in the use of safety climate surveys. 

Guldenmund, F.W. (2007) The use of questionnaires in safety culture research - an evaluation. Safety Science, 45(6) 723-43. 

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