Crotonic acid, polymer

Cozymase, I, 213 IV, 103 Cress seed mucilage, IV, 270 Crotonaldehyde, phytochemical reduction of, IV 91 Crotonbetaine, IV, 107 Crotonic acid, cellulose ester, I, 319 Crotonic acid, polymer, produced by certain bacilli, IV, 117 Crotonic acid, reduction by microorganisms, IV, 108 Crotyl alcohol, IV, 91 phytochemical reduction of, IV, 92,106 Crystalbumin. See Albumin. 

Reqrn . [Nat l. Starch A Chem.] Vinyl acetate/crotonic acid polymers hair fixative uv absorber fiv hair and skin care prods. 

Crotonic acid, polymer with vinyl acetate. See Vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymer Crotonic acid, propyl ester. See Propyl crotonate... 

Synonyms 2-Butenoic acid, polymer with ethenyl acetate Crotonic acid, polymer with vinyl acetate Poly (vinyl acetate-co-crotonic acid) Poly (vinyl acetate-crotonic acid)... 

Poly(vinyl alcohol) has the structure 10.67. Poly(vinyl acetate) is the fully esterified derivative of polyfvinyl alcohol), in which the -OH groups are replaced by -OCOCH3 groups. As indicated in Table 10.5, commercial polyvinyl sizes are effectively copolymers of polyfvinyl acetate) and polyfvinyl alcohol) that vary in the degree of saponification of the ester groups. These products may comprise 100% of either polymer, or combinations of the two monomers in any proportions. Crotonic acid (2-butenoic acid), widely used in the preparation of resins, may also be a component. This compound exhibits cis-trans isomerism (Scheme 10.17). The solid trans form is produced readily by catalysed rearrangement of the liquid cis isomer. 

A substance which proved to be a polymer of crotonic acid, also possessing the formula (C4HeO])n that has just been mentioned, has been extracted from certain purple bacteria. It is formed during the metabolism of some photosynthesizing bacilli and occurs as a reduction product of compounds of carbohydrate nature. 

Product isolation is very simple as only the solvent has to be removed after separation from the polymer. The polymer can be returned to the active chlorinating agent by reaction with carbonyl chloride. A variation of this procedure does not require polymer-bound phosphorus halide but uses Lewis acid-Lewis base complexes between anion-exchange resins, such as Amberlite IRA 93, and phosphorus pentachloride (equation 4). Again, isolation of the resultant acid chloride is simple and the exhausted polymer can be regenerated for further use by simply washing it with aqueous acidic and basic solutions. Yields range from 51 % for crotonic acid chloride to 86% for decanoic acid chloride. 

Marzinzik and Felder [34] synthesized a 3-cyanopyridine via the reaction of a polymer-bound enone with 3-amino-crotonic acid nitrile derived in a Thorpe reaction from acetonitrile and potassium terf-butoxide (B b, d Fig. 6.22) [26]- The product was obtained in 46 % yield, and with a HPLC purity of 78 %. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) BRN 1719943 2-Butenoic acid, (Ej- (E)-2-Butenoic acid trans-2-Butenoic acid (E)-Crotonic acid Crotonic acid, (E)- trans-Crotonic acid EINECS 203-533-9 NSC 8751. Synthesis of resins, polymers, plasticizers, drugs. Prisms or needles mp = 72° bp = 184.7° d = 0.9604 very soluble in H2O (54.6 g/l), EtOH, soluble in Et20, Me2CO, ligroin LD50 (rat orl) n 1.0 g/kg. Alcoa Ind. Chem. Allchem /nd. Chisso Corp. USA Eastman Chem. Co. Sigma-Aldhch Fine Chem. 

Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), P(NVP), is a nonionic, water-soluble polymer with high thermal and hydrolytic stability (7-9). Copolymers of N-vinylpyr-rolidone (NVP) with various carboxylate and carboxylate-precursor monomers (e.g., acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, and maleic anhydride) are also well-known (10). In addition, the homo- and copolymerization kinetics of these monomers are well-established. On the other hand, reports of copolymerizations of NVP with sulfonate monomers are sparse 11, 12). This chapter describes the synthesis, kinetics, and reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of NVP and some of the newer sulfonate monomers. A comparison of some of the solution properties for such copolymers is also included. 

Among the carboxylic acid and anhydride functional monomers that have been employed in the synthesis of these thickener polymers are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, maleic anhydride, and citraconic anhydride. The copolymers containing maleic and citraconic anhydride monomers are either hydrolyzed or partially esterified to obtain the required carboxyl functionality. Among these carboxylic monomers, maleic anhydride and particularly methacrylic acid are most frequently favored. Carboxylic homopolymers, where they can be formed, might be considered the simplest examples of ASTs were it not for the fact that they are not copolymers as defined, and some are water soluble in their un-ionized states. Examples of carboxylic homopolymers are the un-ionized free-radical-polymerized atactic forms of polyacrylic acid (i) and polymethacrylic acid (2), which are both readily soluble in water. 

Other, more structurally complex resins, which are highly functional and in use today, are the copolymers of three monomers (vinyl acetate, crotonic acid, and vinyl neodecanoate) and a polymer formed from octylacrylamide, t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, and two or more monomers consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or their simple esters (Table 7-5). This polymer provides a low-molecular-weight version acceptable in low-VOC systems however, it is very expensive when used at 30% higher concentration for optimal holding power. 

Butene, polym. Polybutene 2-Butenok acid a-Butenok acid. See Crotonic acid... 

Crotonic acid esters of cellulose undergo addition reaction with cycloaliphatic amines, like morpholine or piperidine and with aliphatic primary amines. Unsaturated polymers can also undergo Diels-Alder reactions. One example is a reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with polycyclopentadiene ... 

Butenoic acid, polymer with ethenyl acetate. See VA/crotonates copolymer Vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymer 2-Butenoic acid, polymer with ethenyl acetate and ethenyl propanoate. See VA/crotonates/vinyl propionate copolymer 2-Butenoic acid propyl ester (E)-2-Butenoic acid propyl ester. See Propyl crotonate 2-Buten-1-ol, 2-ethyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-. See 2-Ethyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-buten-1-ol 2-Buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-, acetaU. See Prenyl acetate... 

Definition Polymer of vinyl acetate and one or more monomers consisting of crotonic acid or any of its simple esters Formula (C4H6O2 C4H602)x Properties Dens. 1.170 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 1850 pl/kg Storage Hygroscopic... 

See a/so Vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymer VA/crotonates/vinyl neodecanoate copolymer CAS 55353-21-4 58748-38-2 Synonyms Neodecanoic acid, ethenyl ester, polymer with 2-butenoic acid and ethenyl acetate Vinyl acetate/crotonic acid/vinyl neodecanoate copolymer Definition Polymer formed from vinyl acetate, crotonic acid, and vinyl neodecanoate monomers Uses Antistat, film-former in cosmetics hair fixative, gloss aid, adhesion aid for hair sprays, setting lotions, conditioners Trade Name Synonyms Luviset CAN [BASF AG http //www.basf.de], Resyn 28-2913 [Nat l. Starch Chem. http //www.nationalstarch.com], Resyn 28-2930 [Nat l. Starch Chem. http //WWW. nationaistarch. com] VA/crotonates/vinyl propionate copolymer CAS 25035-26-1... 

Definition Polymer formed from vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and one or more monomers consisting of crotonic acid or one of its simple esters Uses Film-former in cosmetics film-former, hair fixative for hair-sprays and fixing lotions in paper/paperboard in contact with dry food Regulatory FDA 21CFR 176.180 Trade Name Synonyms Luviset CAP [BASF AG http //www.basf.de]... 

A classic method is to digest the PHB-containing cell culture with sodium hypochlorite and measure the turbidity of the suspension produced by release of the polymer granules. Alternatively the polymer can be extracted into chloroform solution and its infrared absorbance at 1728 cm determined quantitatively. Another spectroscopic method involves hydrolysing and dehydrating the polymer to crotonic acid with concentrated sulphuric acid and assaying this by conventional quantitative UV analysis. ... 

The final thermal transition in PHB is associated with degradation between 250 and 300°C. ° Thermogravimetric analysis shows complete weight loss in a single step between these temperatures and corresponds to quantitative conversion of the polymer to crotonic acid. ... 

Mohamed, N.A., Sahaa, M.W. et al. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinylchloride) III. Crotonal and cinnamal thiobarbiturc acids. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 72 (2001), p. 53-61... 

Ariffin, H., Nishida, H., Shirai, Y, and Hassan, M. A (2010). Highly selective transformation of poly[(/ )-3-hydroxybutyric acid] into trans-crotonic acid by catalytic thermal degradation, Polym. Degrad. Stab.,95,1375-1381. 

In addition, a solid-phase [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction was employed in the synthesis of ezetimibe analogs (Scheme 16.31). Imine 205 was prepared by a condensa- overall yield. tion reaction of resin-bound />-aminophenol with p-anisal-dehyde. Then, a polymer-supported Staudinger reaction with crotonic acid effectively gave the 3-vinyl-j6-lactam 206. The Staudinger reaction proceeded with excellent tram selectivity with no cis isomer detected. This result is opposite to the prior observation that Af-alkyl-substituted... 

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