Keyhole limpet haemocyanin

Ki Antagonist binding affinity Ki67 Nuclear membrane antigen KLH Keyhole limpet haemocyanin K , Michaelis constant KOS KOS strain of herpes simplex... 

Niewola et al. [183, 185] have described a rapid, convenient and accurate method, based upon an enzyme-based immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of Paraquat residues in soil. Polystyrene plates, coated with paraquat-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) conjugate, are incubated with the test samples and a known amount of monoclonal antibody. Residual antibody that has not reacted with free Paraquat in the sample combines with paraquat-KLH on the plate. The determination of the fixed antibody is achieved by the addition of peroxidase labelled rabbit antimouse immunoglobulin G followed by reaction with a chromogenic substrate. The enzyme activity of the solid phase is determined from the absorbance measurements, which are inversely proportional to the concentration of Paraquat. The method shows high specificity and correlates well with the traditional ion exchange-spectrophotometric method for the determination of Paraquat [178]. 

In this method the keyhole limpet haemoglobin conjugate was prepared as follows Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH, Calbiochem, La Jolia, CA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA, BDH Chemicals) were coupled to the adduct (2), derived from 6-bromohexanoic acid and monoquat (3), via a carbodiimide reaction, as reported previously by Niewola et al. [184], The resulting conjugates contained 662mol of Paraquat per mole of KLH and 15mol of Paraquat per mole of 6-bromohexanoic acid. The amount of Paraquat bound to the protein was determined by spectrophotometric dithionite assay for Paraquat and the protein concentration was established by a standard Lowry test. 

KLH Keyhole limpet haemocyanin, used for its excellent antigenic properties. It is used as a carrier protein in order to bestow immunogenicity in small haptens. 

Bushara, H.O., Bashir, M.E., Malik, K.H., Mukhtar, M.M., Trottein, F., Capron, A. and Taylor, M.G. (1993) Suppression of Schistosoma bovis egg production in cattle by vaccination with either glutathione S-transferase or keyhole limpet haemocyanin. Parasite Immunology 15, 383-390. 

Xu, S., Shi, F., Shen, W., Lin, J., Wang, Y., Ye, P., Tian, E., Qian, C., Lin, B., Shi, Y. and Zhang, Z. (1995) Vaccination of sheep against Schistosoma japonicum with either glutathione S-transferase, keyhole limpet haemocyanin or the freeze/thaw schistosomula/BCG vaccine. Veterinary Parasitology 58, 301-312. 

Alves-Brito, C.F., Simpson, A.J.C., Bahia-Oliveira, L.M.G., Rabello, A.L.T., Rocha, R.S., Lambertucci, J.R., Gazzinelli, G., Katz, N. and Correa-Oliveira, R. (1992) Analysis of anti-keyhole limpet haemocyanin antibody in Brazilians supports its use for the diagnosis of acute schistosomiasis mansoni. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Idygiene 86, 53-56. 

Hamilton, J.V., Chiodini, P.L., Fallon, P.G. and Doenhoff, M.J. (1999) Periodate-sensitive immunological cross-reactivity between keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KFH) and serodiagnostic Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens. Parasitology 11 8, 83-90. 

Wuhrer, M., Dennis, R.D., Doenhoff, M.J. and Geyer, R. (2000a) A fucose-containing epitope is shared by keyhole limpet haemocyanin and Schistosoma mansoni glycosphingolipids. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 1 1 0, 237-246. 

IgE IgG IgM IL KLa KLH mAb PEG S-S TK tRNA Immunoglobin class E Immunoglobin class G Immunoglobin class M Interleukin Volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient keyhole limpet haemocyanin Monoclonal antibody polyethylene glycol Disulfide bridge thymidine kinase transcript of the RNA... 

Snitkoff et al. reported a specific immunoassay for monitoring the levels of ciprofloxacin in human samples [63], Serum was incubated at 37°C with shaking for 2 h, with rabbit anti-ciprofloxacin keyhole limpet haemocyanin primary antibody in microtiter wells coated with cipro-floxacin-BSA conjugate. Further incubation with horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG was carried out. The samples were shaken in 0.1 M citric buffer (pH 4.5), plates were incubated for 10 min, and then read at 450 nm. Calibration graphs were linear for 10 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL of ciprofloxacin, and the within-day RSD was less than 10%. 

Diphenylhydantoin (via drinking-water for six months) was tested in genetically predisposed mice (C57BL/6-lpr/lpr strain) and found to depress levels of autoantibodies (Bloksma et al., 1994). In another study (Okada et al., 2001), a slight shift towards a Th2 response was demonstrated by showing an increase in the keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH)-induced production of IL-4 and IgE as measured by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a four-week exposure study. 

Anti-(trout immunoglobulin) and anti-(keyhole limpet haemocyanin) sera contain at least two populations of antibodies, one with carbohydrate specificities responsible for cross-reactivity between trout immunoglobulin and keyhole limpet haemacyanin, and another directed towards polypeptide chain determinants. ... 

Proteins. In addition to DNA, it is also possible to image antibody (e.g., a mouse monoclonal IgG), enzyme (e.g., glucose oxidase, GOD), and haemocyanin (e.g., keyhole limpet haemocyanin, KLH) molecules by the same technique (38). All of these protein molecules... 

The response to keyhole limpet haemocyanin was also measured quantitatively by a Farr method 7 days after secondary challenge the percentage of KLH bound by a 1/2 serum dilution was 29.6 and 0.6 respectively in High and Low responders ... 

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