Critical Subject

Ionic liquids (ILs) are being considered more and more as alternatives for conventional electrolyte materials [5-7]. ILs offer the unique features of nonvolatility and nonflammability even in a liquid state. Systems that show ionic conductivity of over 10 S cm at room temperature have been reported close to the level required for fuel cell applications [8-10]. However, this value is based on the IL itself, and they do not include target ions such as the proton. This is a critical subject of research on making the present system viable. 

In this context, the production of a large quantity of fine sialo-glycans and its conjugates with lipid or protein (peptide) has been a critical subject. 

Ordinary member associations and their member companies benefit from lOFI membership via (1) participation in the work of the lOFI Board and of the ion committees, (2) receiving information disseminated by lOFI, covering a wide range of critical subjects relevant to flavor use, safety, and operations,... 

In this book, Dr. Gross will take you through a set of five simple criteria that he uses to create a ranked list of twenty fruits to which he refers as nature s top superfruits. He freely admits that no one fruit will provide all of the nutrients that our bodies need, yet he shows us that consuming whole foods (and lots of them) can be one of the most important contributing aspects of a healthy lifestyle. His inclusion criteria were wisely established based on factors such as nutrient and nonnutrient content, biomedical research, and the ability to eventually file for government-approved health claims, as well as critical subjective qualities, such as packaging, flavor, affordability, and availability to the consumer. 

The method of how cells with high activity are cultured and obtained is a most important and most critical subject. For preparing cells of Enterobacter sp. DS-S-... 

The research community has responded to the E-Business challenge. Despite the infamous dot-com bust in the early 2000 s, scores of research initiatives, workshops, technical papers, and special journal issues have been devoted to the subject. E-Business remains a critical subject not only in the research community, but also in corporate boardrooms. Instead of the revolution that would replace every facet of business, the rise of E-Business might be viewed as the emergence of new economic intermediaries that offer opportunities for innovation. These new intermediaries offer different means to respond to market demands (e.g., Internet vs. traditional channels), to facilitate sourcing, procurement, and price discovery (e.g., electronic auctions), and to develop new mechanisms for coordination and execution (e.g., dynamic pricing, revenue management, and collaborative forecasting). 

Liu et al. (2013) conducted a thorough review of the ontologies for the field of Crisis Management (CM). They have identified a set of critical subject areas that cover the information concepts dealt with in CM. Among the ontologies designed originally for these areas of CM, very few are formally represented and publicly accessible (Liu et al.,... 

There are a great many opinions offered at business schools and by industry executives about the proper functions of management. The author s observation on this critical subject is that there are six primary responsibilities that management must execute for a business to succeed ... 

CTB 941.2-93 defines laboratories subject to accreditation in National system. Among others laboratories with legal status, results of testing and measurements of which are used in assessment of safety of products, works and services, in diagnostics of technical state of critical safety objects and vehicles are noted. These laboratories use different NDT methods in their activities. 

NDT devices used for the control of quality of critical products potentially dangerous for people and environment are subject to mandatory checking. 

The dynamic picture of a vapor at a pressure near is then somewhat as follows. If P is less than P , then AG for a cluster increases steadily with size, and although in principle all sizes would exist, all but the smallest would be very rare, and their numbers would be subject to random fluctuations. Similarly, there will be fluctuations in the number of embryonic nuclei of size less than rc, in the case of P greater than P . Once a nucleus reaches the critical dimension, however, a favorable fluctuation will cause it to grow indefinitely. The experimental maximum supersaturation pressure is such that a large traffic of nuclei moving past the critical size develops with the result that a fog of liquid droplets is produced. 

Electron tunnelling tlirough monolayers of long-chain carboxylic acids is one aspect of interest since it was assumed tliat such films could be used as gate electrodes in field-effect transistors or even in devices depending on electron tunnelling [24, 26, 35, 36, 37 and 38]- It was found, however, tliat tlie whole subject depends critically on... 

From the earliest days, the BET model has been subject to a number of criticisms. The model assumes all the adsorption sites on the surface to be energetically identical, but as was indicated in Section 1.5 (p. 18) homogeneous surfaces of this kind are the exception and energetically heterogeneous surfaces are the rule. Experimental evidence—e.g. in curves of the heat of adsorption as a function of the amount adsorbed (cf. Fig. 2.14)—demonstrates that the degree of heterogeneity can be very considerable. Indeed, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller adduced this nonuniformity as the reason for the failure of their equation to reproduce experimental data in the low-pressure region. 

The drop in pressure when a stream of gas or liquid flows over a surface can be estimated from the given approximate formula if viscosity effects are ignored. The example calculation reveals that, with the sorts of gas flows common in a concentric-tube nebulizer, the liquid (the sample solution) at the end of the innermost tube is subjected to a partial vacuum of about 0.3 atm. This vacuum causes the liquid to lift out of the capillary, where it meets the flowing gas stream and is broken into an aerosol. For cross-flow nebulizers, the vacuum created depends critically on the alignment of the gas and liquid flows but, as a maximum, it can be estimated from the given formula. 

A new edition of any book presents an opportunity which an author welcomes for several reasons. It is a chance to respond to constructive criticisms of the previous edition which he thinks are valid. New material can be introduced which may be useful to teachers and students in the light of the way the subject, and the teaching of the subject, has developed in the intervening years. Last, and certainly not least, there is an opportunity to correct any errors which had escaped the author s notice. 

Weldments subjected to corrosive attack over a period of time may crack adjacent to the weld seams if the residual stresses are not removed. Gas—tungsten arc welding and gas—metal arc welding ate recommended for joining magnesium, the former for thinner materials and the latter for thicker materials. Maintaining a protective atmosphere is a critical issue in welding these alloys. 

Near top speed, a fan may operate at a speed that is near or above the natural frequency of the wheel and shaft. Under such conditions, the fan can vibrate badly even when the wheel is clean and properly balanced. Whereas manufacturers often do not check the natural frequency of the wheel and shaft ia standard designs, many have suitable computer programs for such calculations. Frequency calculations should be made on large high speed fans. The first critical wheel and shaft speed of a fan that is subject to wheel deposits or out-of-balance wear should be about 25—50% above the normal operating speed. 

Projections of market penetrations and contributions to primary consumption of energy from biomass are subject to much criticism and contain significant errors. However, even though these projections may be incorrect, they are necessary to assess the future role and impact of renewable energy resources, and to help in deciding whether a potential renewable energy resource should be developed. 

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