Cotton textile industry

The prevalence of byssinosis is less in nontextile cotton industries than in the cotton textile industry. It is... 

Sodium dichromate and various chromic salts are employed in the textile industry (195,196). The former is used as an oxidant and as a source of chromium, for example, to dye wool and synthetics with mordant acid dyes, oxidi2e vat dyes and indigosol dyes on wool, aftertreat direct dyes and sulfur dyes on cotton to improve washfastness, and oxidi2e dyed wool. Premera11i2ed dyes are also employed. These are hydroxya2o or a2omethine dyes in which chromium or other metals are combined in the dye (see Azine dyes DYES Azo dyes). 

Biopolishing of Cotton Fabrics. The prevention of pilling, ie, the accumulation of baUs of fluff on fabric, and improvement of the smoothness and softness of cotton fabrics are of interest in the textile industry. 

Wastewater from a cotton thread factory Textile industry activities Spain UF/NF... 

Trichloroethylene is an excellent extraction solvent for greases, oils, fats, waxes, and tars and is used by the textile processing industry to scour cotton, wool, and other fabrics (lARC 1979 Kuney 1986 Verschueren 1983). The textile industry also uses trichloroethylene as a solvent in waterless dying and finishing operations (McNeill 1979). As a general solvent or as a component of solvent blends, trichloroethylene is used with adhesives, lubricants, paints, varnishes, paint strippers, pesticides, and cold metal cleaners (Hawley 1981 lARC 1979 McNeill 1979). 

But not all the potash, kelp, and barilla in Europe and North America could keep up with the cotton textile factories of Britain and France. France was in a particularly dire situation. Even under normal conditions, her natural sources of alkali were insufficient. Then France supported the American War of Independence, and British ships cut off the French supply of American potash. With gunpowder and textile industries dependent on potash, France had to find a way to make artificial alkali. 

Some historians have speculated that Perkin discovered his synthetic dye after spilling some of the solution on his worktable and sopping it up with a silk cloth. But an accident like that hardly seems necessary. Perkin and a young friend who was interested in art had already discovered one chemical with the properties of a dye. Moreover, the textile industry was the biggest employer of chemists, and the most scientifically advanced chemical industries involved dyes and cotton printing. 

Cellular response, suture material biocompatibility and, 24 216 Cellulases, 5 361-362 70 282-284 benefits of, 70 283 as bleaching agents, 4 64 cotton modification, 8 30 textile industry, 70 302 Cellulon, 5 363-364... 

Expansion of synthetic fiber production is crucial if the textile industry is to supply more and better clothing to consumers. Synthetics will substitute for natural homegrown cotton, wool or silk in the production of textiles and thus release land previously devoted to cotton, for food production. Cotton cloth production at the 1980 level of 12 billion square meters is insufficient to meet domestic demand, and is still rationed. 

OTTON DUST IN THE WORKPLACE is a major problem facing the cotton and textile industry. Workers breathing cotton dust may develop byssino-sis, a disease that resembles chronic bronchitis and, in its later stages, emphysema. The agent believed to cause the disease is not actually cotton but microscopic foreign matter in the cotton that is released when bales are processed in the mills. 

A Historical Perspective on Cotton Dust in the United States Textile Industry... 

The American Textile Industry Involvement with cotton dust as a workplace hazard began over ten years ago with Industry studies to determine whether the Industry had such an Illness problem. Then followed major dust removal and ventlllatlon efforts. The Industry developed a work practices and medical surveillance program which was presented to OSHA. 

Late in the 1960 s, speculation about raw cotton dust respiratory problems in the U.S. mills was raised in medical journals stimulating investigation by the textile industry. 

If acceptable washing conditions can be achieved, then processing washed cotton may be a realistic long term method for dealing with the dust standard and for insuring worker safety and health, for at least some segments of the textile Industry. 

Hersh, S. P. Batrar S. K. and Fornes, R. E. Proc. ASHE Textile Industries Division Symposium on Cotton Dust Measureroentf Monitoring and Control 1980, p 23-31. 

Rautenbach and MeUis [75] describe a process in which a UF-membrane fermentor and a subsequent NF-treatment of the UF-permeate are integrated. The retentate of the NF-step is recycled to the feed of the UF-membrane reactor (Fig. 13.8). This process has been commercialised by Wehrle-Werk AG as the Biomembrat -plus system [76] and is well suited for the treatment of effluents with recalcitrant components. The process also allows for an additional treatment process, like adsorption or chemical oxidation of the NF-retentate, before returning the NF-retentate to the feed of the UF-membrane fermentor. Usually, the efficiency of these treatment processes is increased as the NF-retentate contains higher concentrations of these components. Pilot tests with landfiU leachates [75] and wastewater from cotton textile and tannery industry have been reported [77]. An overview of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and COD concentrations in the permeate are shown in... 

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