Cotton nonwovens

Asahi Chemical Industries (ACl, Japan) are now the leading producers of cuprammonium rayon. In 1990 they made 28,000 t/yr of filament and spunbond nonwoven from cotton ceUulose (65). Their continuing success with a process which has suffered intense competition from the cheaper viscose and synthetic fibers owes much to their developments of high speed spinning technology and of efficient copper recovery systems. Bemberg SpA in Italy, the only other producer of cuprammonium textile fibers, was making about 2000 t of filament yam in 1990. 

Nonwoven Cards. Modem, high speed cards designed to produce nonwoven webs show evidence of either a cotton or wool fiber-processing heritage and have processing rate capabiUties comparable to those of gametts. Contemporary nonwoven cards are available in widths up to 5 m and are configured with one or two main cylinders, roUer or stationary tops, one or two doffers, or various combinations of these principal components. 

Staple is used directly in the manufacturing of nonwoven fabrics (qv) (127) and spun into yam through the cotton, worsted, and woolen systems in 100% form or in blends with other synthetic or natural fibers (128,129). 

Waterproof. Waterproofing barrier systems may be either hot- or cold-appHed. The hot-appHed generaUy involve a bituminous material such as asphalt used in conjunction with a reinforcing fabric such as roofing felt, cotton, or glass cloth. Cold-appHed can be bituminous or elastomeric materials either in Hquid or sheet form, with or without fabric reinforcement. Liquid elastomeric treatments include neoprene, polyurethanes, and blends of these or epoxies with bituminous materials. Among the commonly used precured elastomeric sheet materials are neoprene, polyisobutylene, EPDM mbber, and plasticized PVC. Polyethylene and PVC films and nonwoven plastic or glass fabric coated with bituminous materials also find use (78). Because these... 

Nonwoven manufacturing, cotton, 3 18 Nonwoven materials, 24 620. See also Nonwoven fabrics Nonwoven processes, 17 496-497 Nonwovens. See also Nonwoven fabrics air-laid, 17 503 defined, 17 495-496 foam-bonded, 17 510 needled, 17 506, 507 thermal-bonded, 17 511-512 Nonwoven textile materials, 11 178-180 4-Nonylphenol (PNP), 2 225-226 health and safety data, 2 220t physical properties of, 2 205t Nonyl phenol, 10 429 8-Nonynoic acid, 5 34t... 

They are fabricated from a variety of inorganic, organic, and naturally occurring materials and generally contain pores that are greater than 50—100 A in diameter. Materials such as nonwoven fibers (e.g. nylon, cotton, polyesters, glass), polymer films (e.g. polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly(tetrafluo-roethylene) (PTFE), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC)), and naturally occurring substances (e.g. rubber, asbestos, wood) have been used for microporous separators in batteries that operate at ambient and low temperatures (<100 °C). The microporous polyolefins (PP, PE, or laminates of PP and PE) are widely used in lithium based nonaqueous batteries (section 6.1), and filled polyethylene separators in lead-acid batteries (section 7.3), respectively. 

Melamine borate Budit 313 In combination with melamine phosphate for phenolic resin bound nonwoven based on cotton fibers... 

Melamine diborate (MB), known in the fire-retardant trade as melamine borate, is a white powder, which can be prepared readily from melamine and boric acid. It is partly soluble in water and acts as an afterglow suppressant and a char promoter in cellulosic materials. Budenheim Iberica79 claims that, in a 1 1 combination with APP, MB (10%-15%) can be used for phenolic bound nonwoven cotton fibers. In general, melamine borate can be used as a char promoter in intumescent systems for various polymers including polyolefins or elastomers. However, its low dehydration temperature (about 130°C) limits its application in thermoplastics that are processed at above 130°C. Melamine borate is also reported to suppress afterglow combustion in flame-proofing textiles with APP or monoammonium phosphate to meet the German DIN 53,459 and Nordtest NT-Fire 002.80... 

Wool and Visil fiber are blended to improve latter s fiber properties, but the flammability of the blend is also reduced. Cotton-wool blends are quite common as well. Aramids are blended with many fibers for different applications. Nomex can be blended with FR viscose and FR wool to produce fire-blocking fabric, e.g., for aircraft seats.4 Nomex blended with Kevlar shows better performance than 100% Nomex in fire fighters outer protective garments.26 Various blends of glass fibers with aramids, melamine fibers, PVC fibers, and polyester have been reported for use in fire-protective nonwoven veils for upholstery and mattresses.92... 

Tape and film are the most common forms of solid epoxy adhesives. Tape and film are terms that are used rather loosely for adhesives in a thin sheet form. The term tape generally refers to an adhesive that is supported on a web of paper or nonwoven fabric, or on an open-weave scrim of glass, cotton, or nylon. Films, on the other hand, are free of supporting material and consist only of the adhesive. Both tape and film products may be accompanied with a release liner depending on the tack or blocking characteristics of the adhesive. 

Ruorocarbon treatment generally improves the penetration resistance of porous fabrics, both woven and nonwoven, to liquids and particles. The fluorocarbon reduces die differences between the resistances of 100% cotton and various cotton/polyester blends. Durable press finishes reduce penetration resistance to liquids. Studies of soil releasing treatments are inconclusive. Laundering reduces the effectiveness of finishes diey must be renewed periodically. 

Use Nonwoven fabrics, surgical dressings, mechanical rubber goods, coated fabrics, felts and blankets, blends with cotton for home furnishings, etc. 

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