Cationic Cellulose

In Sirvib s work [39], a water-soluble cationic cellulose derivative was synthesized by cationizing dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) produced by periodate oxidation of birch cellulose pulp by means of a reaction between aldehyde groups and cationic Girard s reagent T ((2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)-trimethylazanium chloride, GT) to produce cationic dialdehyde cellulose (CDAC). A schematic illustration of this cellulose oxidation and DAC cationization processes is shown in Fig. 3.3. 

With promising results, Water-soluble CDACs were obtained from DACs having an aldehyde group content of 11.77 mmol/g and maximum cationicity of 4.27 mmol/g was achieved with 72 h reaction [39], 

Preliminary studies using water-soluble CDACs as a biopolymeric flocculation agent indicate that they have a high potential for use as new, environment-friendly flocculation aids. Further studies on the use of CDAC as a flocculation agent are currently under way [39]. 

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Celquat , Cationic Cellulosic Foljmers For Cosmetics and Toiletries, National Starch and Chemical Corp., Bridgewater, N.J. 

In evaluation of polymeric cationic cellulose ether derivatives to be used as ingredients for hair shampoos, developed specifically to improve performance... 

A new class of water-soluble materials [10,11], was developed as a result of such design parameters that will be referred to as double substituted cationic cellulose ethers (DCEs). These materials contain both a cationic substituent and a hydrophobic substituent, attached to a cellulose ether backbone. The use of a double-substituted hydrophobe modified cationic polysaccharide is fundamentally different from current commercial vaginal formulations, which rely exclusively on nonionic or anionic vehicles. 

The hemocompatibility of poly(amido-amine) polyelectrolyte complexes was recently studied by Xi, Zhang and coworkers [499, 500]. The poly(amido-amine) was based on piperazine and methylene bisacrylamide, and the polyelectrolyte complexes were obtained from the reaction of poly(amido-amine) with alginic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose or poly(methacrylic acid). Complexes of polyamido-amine and alginic acid with a 1 2 ratio gave the best hemocompatibility. Finally, the blood compatibility of polyelectrolyte complexes based on anionic and cationic cellulose derivatives were studied by Ito et al. [338], In vivo, good blood compatibility of complexes formed from quaternary hy-droxyethyl cellulose reacted with carboxymethyl cellulose and cellulose sulfate was observed. 

It is possible to avoid incorporation of homopolynucleotide by using ternary complexes between polynucleotide, SPG, and polycation. It was recently demonstrated that such ternary complexes can be prepared with PEI and cationic cellulose (quatemized nitrogen is a charged functional group in cationic cellulose) [55]. However, this kind of approach is a step away from the non-cationic nature of schizophyllan-based delivery systems and will not be discussed here. 

Human serum transferrin has been prepared in the laboratories of the University of California, Davis, from Cohn fraction IV—7 obtained from a commercial company (Cutter Laboratories, Berkeley, California). Such fractions are, of course, from plasma of a large number of individuals and may have been exposed to different treatments. For example, some of these fractions have been exposed to a heating step to inactivate viruses. This type of human material, which is the usual type used for large scale preparations, certainly contains different molecular forms, because of genetic differences, as well as some artifactual materials. The procedures employed molecular filtration on Sephadex columns and sequential ion exchange chromatography on anion and cation cellulose exchangers (22, 137). 

A new class of water soluble cellulosic polymers currently receiving attention Is characterized by structures with hydrophobic moieties. Such polymers exhibit definite surface activity at alr-llquld and liquid-liquid Interfaces. By virtue of their hydrophobic groups, they also exhibit Interesting association characteristics In solution. In this paper, results are presented on the solution and Interfaclal properties of a cationic cellulosic polymer with hydrophobic groups and Its Interactions with conventional surfactants are discussed. 

Solutions formulated to clean hard gas-permeable contact lenses are sterile and pH buffered. They are soaking solutions and include lens-hydrating (wetting) agents (e.g., cationic cellulose derivatives) and preservatives (e.g., edetate disodium, chlorhexidine gluconate). 

Cationic celluloses for enhanced delivery of fabric care benefits (softening, color protection, pill/fuzz reduction, antiabrasion, antiwrinkle). 

U.S.6489286 (2002) Lukenbach et al. (Johnson Johnson) Nonionic/amphoteric/anionic surfactants at least two conditioning agents selected from cationic celluloses, sugar derivatives, and homopolymers or copolymers Nonirritating, suitable for children and adults having sensitive skin and eyes imparts wet and dry detangling, and manageability... 

Faucher et al. [25] have shown that the desorption of a polymeric cationic cellulose (polymer JR) (see Table 7-2) from hair is slower that would be expected from a simple diffusional release predicted by the square root of time law [26]. They suggest that desorption of a polymer occurs only after all sites of attachment are broken. Statistically, the process of breaking all attachments simultaneously is of low probability. Therefore, one would expect high substantivity and a slow rate of release with increasing molecular size and increasing primary valence binding sites. 

Although in pxinciple associative thickenos could be prepared from any water-soluble polymer to which hydrophobic blocks can be attached, only three types are commercially available at present hydrophobe-modified polyfetl lene oxide), hydrophobe-modified alkali-soluble acrylic polymers, and hydrophobe-modified hydroxyethyl cellulose. However, the literature contains reports on other types, including hydrophobe-modified polyacrylamide [103], hydrophobe-modified hydroxypropyl guar [104], and a hydrophobe-modified cationic cellulose... 

It was of interest for both fundamental understanding and practical use to examine the effects of additional electrolytes on polyelectrolyte-surfactant interactions. Initial studies investigated the effects of NaCl on cationic cellulosic polymer-SLES interactions. For sample preparation via high-throughput screening, the salt was pre-mixed with the surfactant at a 30 1 SLES NaCI ratio. A representative phase diagram is shown in Figure 8. 

Three cationic cellulosic polymer-SLES systems (JR400, LR30M, and JR30M) were examined using all addition orders to investigate whether the... 

The flocculant based on cellulose can be generally classified into four major groups [i] cationic cellulose-based-flocculant, (ii) anionic cellulose-based flocculant [41], (Hi) amphoteric cellulose-based flocculant, (iv) nonionic cellulose-based flocculant [42] as follows ... 

Besides the naturally occurring cationic PS chitin and chitosan, a huge variety of semi-synthetic products is available, which are based on anchoring cationic groups onto the polysaccharide backbone. Examples include cationic starch and cationic cellulose derivatives, which are widely used for industrial purposes (cationic starch in paper ) and also in medical applications (cationic cellulose as additives, e.g. JR-400 and Quatrisoft LM-200 in hygienic products). However, applications in regenerative medicine are rather poorly developed for these materials and therefore a discussion is excluded at this point. 

Cationic Cellulose and Chitin Nanocrystals for Novel Therapeutic Applications... 

Cationic cellulose Polysaccharide with linear glucose units linked hy p-l,4-D-linkages Drug delivery 34-37... 

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