Corticotropin-releasing factor in depression

Arborelius L, Owens MJ, Plotsky PM, Nemeroff CB. (1999). The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in depression and anxiety disorders. J Endocrinol. 160(1) 1-12. 

Altemus M, Cizza G, Gold P (1992) Chronic fluoxetine treatment reduces hypothalamic vasopressin secretion in vitro. Brain Res 593 311-313 Appenrodt E, Schnabel R, Schwarzberg H (1998) Vasopressin administration modulates anxiety-related behavior in rats. Physiol Behav 64 543-547 Arborelius L, Owens MJ, PlotskyPM, Nemeroff CB (1999) The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in depression and anxiety disorders. J Endocrinol 160 1-12 Argiolas A, Gessa GL (1991) Central functions of oxytocin. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 15 217-231... 

Holsboer E, von Bardeleben U, Gerken A, et al Blunted corticotropin and normal cortisol response to human corticotropin-releasing factor in depression. N Engl J Med 311 1127, 1984... 

Reul JMHM, Holsboer F (2002) Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors 1 and 2 in anxiety and depression. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2 23-33 Rodgers RJ, Cole JC (1994) The elevated plus-maze pharmacology, methodology and ethology. In Cooper SJ, Hendrie CA (eds) Ethology and psychopharmacology. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp 9-44... 

Krishucm KRR, Rayasam K, Reed D, Smith M, ChapeU P, Saunders WB, Ritchie JC, Carroll BJ, Nemeroff CB (1993) The corticotropin releasing factor stimulation test in patients with major depression relationship to dexamethasone suppression test results. Depression 1 133-136... 

Nemeroff, C.B., Widerlov, E., Bisette, G., Walleus, H., Karlsson, L., Eklund, K., et al. (1984) Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin releasing factor like immunoreactivity in depressed patients. Science 226 1342-1344. 

Reul, J.M., Holsboer, F. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors 1 and 2 in anxiety and depression. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2, 23-33, 2002. 

The coat state assessment is a fast and simple qualitative method of assessing mouse depression-like states through observation of the condition of an animal s fur. In rodents, coat state tends to decline with increased depression, similar to depressed patients who frequently exhibit poor hygiene (29-31). Antidepressants have been shown to improve the coat condition of mice while reducing depression-like symptoms (29-31). For example, the reduction of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has been associated with improved coat state (and is implicated in depression) (32). Of importance here, antidepressants (e.g., imipramine) and anxiolytics (e.g., chlordiazepoxide) have been shown to interact with corticotropin-releasing factor (33) (see Note 7). 

Miura, Y. Kinoshita, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Takahashi, K. Koyama, K. Takatori, K. Tyrosinase activity inhibitor 1995 US 5,399,785 Nemeroff, C.B., Widerlov E, Bissette G, et al,. Elevated Concentrations of CSF Corticotropin-releasing factor-like Immunoreactivity in Depressed Patients. Science 1984 226 1342-1344. 

Pseudohypericin has been shown to be a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), receptor antagonist. CRF has been implicated as a pathogenic factor in affective disorders, with elevated levels that are normalized after treatment with antidepressants found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with depression. CRF acts on CRFX receptors in the pituitary gland to stimulate the release of adrenocoticotropic hormone, which stimulates the release of glucocorticoid stress hormones from the adrenal glands (19). It is possible that St. John s wort s activity comes from pseudohypericin s ability to block the CRFX receptor. 

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor modulators CRF antagonists may act on depression, various other neuropsychiatric disorders and immune diseases. PPARs, an essential group of nuclear receptors PPARa receptors are involved in dyslipemias, atherosclerosis and obesity PPARy receptors are mainly involved in diabetes but also in dyslipemias, hypertension, inflanunation and cancer PPARS receptors, in addition to dyslipemia control, are involved in fertility and cancer. ... 

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