Corticotropin-releasing factor-1 CRF

Lowry, CA, Odda, JE, Lightman, SL and Ingram, CD (2000) Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) increases the in vitro firing rates of serotonergic neurones in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus evidence for selective activation of a topographically organised mesolimbocortical system. J. Psychopharmacol. 14 (Suppl 2) All. 

Swerdlow, N.R., and Koob, G.F. Separate neural substrates of the locomotor-activating properties of amphetamine, heroin, caffeine and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 23 303-307, 1985. 

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis An integrated neuroendocrine system linking the hypothalamus (noradrenaline and corticotropin-releasing factor CRF) with the anterior pituitary (corticotropin or ACTH) and the adrenal cortex (cortisol). 

A group of peptides including corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), somatostatin and thyrotropic re-... 

Kostich WA, Chen A, Sperle K, Largent BL (1998) Molecular identification and analysis of a novel human corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor the CRF2gamma receptor. Mol Endocrinol 12 1077-1085... 

Lewis K, Li C, Perrin MH, Blount A, Kunitake K, Donaldson C, Vaughan J, Reyes TM, Gulyas J, Fischer W, Bilezikjian L, Rivier J, Sawchenko PE, Vale WW (2001) Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 7570-7575... 

Radulovic J, Ruhmann A, Liepold T, Spiess J (1999) Modulation of learning and anxiety by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and stress differential roles of CRF receptors 1 and 2. J Neurosci 19 5016-5025... 

Nemeroff, C.B., Owens, M.J., Bisette, G., Andorn, A.C., and Stanley, M. (1988) Reduced corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) binding sites in the frontal cortex of suicide victims. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45 577-579. 

Plotsky, P.M. and Meaney, M.J. (1993) Early, postnatal experience alters hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA, median eminence CRF content and stress-induced release in adult rats. Mol Brain Res 18 195-200. 

Effects of early environmental adversity on HPA mediation of neurodevelopment have also been demonstrated in non-human primates (Coplan et al., 1995). Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) intracerebro-ventricular administration in rhesus monkeys that had been separated from their mothers produced behavioral inhibition and increases in ACTH and cortisol. Coplan et al (1995) presented evidence for persistently elevated cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in grown macaques that had been reared by mothers in unpredictable environmental conditions. Further studies in adversely reared adult monkeys demonstrated an inverse relationship between mean CRF concentrations and GH response to clonidine (Coplan et al., 2000). In light of evidence that reduced GH response to clonidine has been shown in other anxiety disorders (Charney and Bremner, 1999), Coplan et al. (2000) hypothesize that GH response to clonidine may inversely reflect trait-like increases of central nervous system CRF activity. Data linking childhood anxiety to growth deficits are consistent with this view (Pine et al., 1996). Activity, of the HPA axis, as related to early environmental... 

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)... 

Potter E, Behan DP, Linton EA, et al The central distribution of a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-binding protein predicts multiple sites and modes of interaction with CRF. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 4192-4196, 1992... 

Several of the heterocyclic systems presented in this and the original chapter have found use as, or have been intermediates for, important compounds with biological activity. Compounds such as 24 have been used as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonists <1998WO08847> and 25 has been used to study CRF receptor binding <1999JME833>. 

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