Parsley Family

Nervous system Seizures Water hemlock, (parsley family), mint family Cicutoxin - effects potassium channels. Monoterpenes in mint oils... 

Coriander is an annual herb of the parsley family, native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. For CO2 extraction, only ground coriander seed, the dried fruit of the plant, is used. Coriander seed contains 0.8 to 1.5% volatile oil. The principal component is rf-linalool, present at about 60 to 70% in the volatile oil. The CO2 extracts of Austrian coriander (450 bar, 60°C) contain about 8 to 10% volatile oil. 

Caraway seed is the fruit of a herb within the parsley family. Each seed is a half of the fruit and is about Vi cm long, tan to brown, and curved with five lighter coloured ridges along the length of the seed. Caraway is mostly cultivated in Europe and Western Asia. 

Com missure.—The contiguous surfaces of two carpels as in the flowers and fruits of the Parsley Family. 

Poison hemlock Conium maculatum) and dog parsley Aethusa cynapium) are poisonous plants of the parsley family, which contain coniine. 

Monocyclic monoterpenic hydrocarbons are derived predominantly from the optically active hydrocarbon 4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexane, known as p-menthane (8-2). An exception isp-cymene also known as cymene (l-isopropyl-4-methylbenzene, 8-3), which is an aromatic hydrocarbon. Cymene is a common component of many essential oils, especially the essential oils of cumin (the seed of the herb Cuminum cyminum of the parsley family Apiaceae) and common thyme Thymus vulgaris, from the mint family Lamiaceae) Hsted in Table 8.32 (see later). 

The edible roots of this plant are one of the world s leading vegetable crops. They are also the richest source of vitamin A among the commonly-used vegetables. Carrots are a mem-E)er of the parsley family (Umbelliferae) of plants. Other well-known members of this family are caraway, celery, dill, fennel, parsley, and parsnips. 

A key component in both chili powder and curry powder, cumin is the dried seed of the herb Cuminum cyminum, a member of the parsley family. Cuminaldehyde is the principal contributor to the spice s aroma and flavor, which imparts a strong musty/earthy character, with green grassy notes contributed by p-1,3- and 1,4-men-thadienals. frfl 5-2-Dodecenal, possessing a persistent fatty-cifrus-herbaceous odor, is a character impact component of coriander, along with uf-linalool (15). 

This is a diverse group of crops with a range of flavors. The family likeness appears when they flower—tiny individual flowers are produced in creamy white, umbrella-shaped flowerheads, known as umbels, very like those of their relations cow parsley and bronze fennel. They are very attractive to beneficial insects. 

Plant problems Tunneled roots (top) are the work of the earrot rust fly, while forked roots (oenter) ooour when earrots are grown In stony soil. DIsoolored foliage (bottom, on parsley). Is another sign of root damage by earrot rust fly, which Is attraeted to all family members. 

Flavone synthase (FNS EC 1.14.11.22) introduces a double bond between C2 and C3 of a flavanone to produce the corresponding flavone. This activity was initially identified in parsley cell suspension cultures and subsequently shown to be encoded by a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase [67, 78, 79], This enzyme, now known as FNS-I, appears to have very limited distribution. To date, it has only been identified in the Apiaceae family (Umbellifers). The more widely occurring FNS-II (CYP93B) was initially identified from snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) flowers [80] and was subsequently shown to be a P450 enzyme. FNS-I, FNS-II, and the various roles flavones play in plant species have recently been reviewed by Martens and Mithofer [81], Subsequent to this review, Yu et al. [82] demonstrated that the characteristic lack of natural accumulation of flavones in Brassicaceae could not be overcome in A. thaliana even by overexpression of recombinant parsley FNS-I. 

Plants that can cause photodermatitis include carrots, celery, parsnip, dill, fennel, caraway, parsley, lovage, anise, and chervil among the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae, or carrot family), figs (Moraceae), and citrus fruits (grapefruit, lemon, lime. 

PAL is one of the best-characterized enzymes of plant secondary metabolism. It converts l-phenylalanine into tran -cinnamate ( -cinnamate) by the tra 5-elimination of ammonia and the pro-StS proton (see Ref. 4 for a full reaction discussion). The enzyme, which requires no cofactor, is a tetramer of 310-340 kDa. A cDNA for PAL was first isolated from Petrose-linum crispum (parsley), and others have subsequently been isolated from numerous species. Often PAL is produced from a multigene family and is present in a variety of isoenzyme forms. 

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a member of the Apiaceae family. The fresh leaves of parsley and the dried herb are widely used as flavouring. More than 80 compounds have been identified in the volatile fraction, and the aromatic volatiles of parsley are mainly monoterpenes and the aromatics myristicin and api-ole. It is suggested that the characteristic odour of parsley is due to the presence ofp-mentha-l,3,8-triene, myrcene, 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine, myristicin, linalool, (Z)-6-decenal and (Z)-3-hexenal [227, 228]. Furthermore, /3-phellan-drene, 4-isopropenyl-l-methylbenzene and terpinolene contribute significantly... 

PARSLEY -- Petroselinum crispum. Family Umbelliferae (Carrot family). 

Plant species of the family Apiaceae are known to accumulate flavonoids, mainly in the form of flavones and flavonols (Fig. 21.2). Kreuzaler and Hahlbrock (1973) isolated 24 different flavonoid glycosides from illuminated cell suspension cultures of parsley [P. hortense). The chemical structures of 14 of these compounds were further... 

Several scientific studies provide evidence of the traditional use of parsley in medicine. Food plants of the Apiaceae plant family such as parsley, carrots and celery contain a group of bioactive aliphatic C17-polyacety-lenes, which were shown to be highly toxic towards fungi, bacteria and mammalian cells and to display neurotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregatory effects and to be responsible for allergic skin reactions in a study by Christensen and Brandt (2006). The effect of these polyacetylenes towards human cancer cells, their human bioavailability and their ability to reduce tumour formation in a mammalian in vivo model indicate that they may be beneficial for health. 

Parsley see Carrot family (Apiaceae) Parsnip see Carrot family (Apiaceae)... 

The genera in the family of Apiaceae (formerly Umbelliferae) (Table 1) include a variety of spices and vegetables, such as angelica, anise, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, diU, fennel, parsley, and parsnip. 

Assist natural enemies by including small-flowered, food-bearing companion plants in your landscape. Choose from members of the carrot family (Umbelliferael. which includes caraway, dill, fennel, lovage. and parsley. Many... 

Synonyms Conium maculatum, Umbelliferae family Spotted hemlock Deadly hemlock Poison parsley Poison stinkweed... 

Synonyms Cicuta maculata, Apiaceae (carrot) family, Cicuta species Cowbane Snakeweed Wild carrot Poison parsnip Spotted hemlock Masquash root Beaver poison False parsley Fever root Wild parsnip... 

Herbs are categorised into botanical families. These are Rosaceae, Liliaceae, Umbelliferae, Labiatae, Papi-lionaceae, Cruciferae, Compositae. The three major groups are the Mints (Labiatae), the Carrot/Parsley group (Umbelliferae), and the Daisy group (Compositae). 

In the Umbelliferae family there are herbs such as Angelica, Anise, Caraway, Dill, Fennel, Parsley, etc., which have stems that are cylindrical and usually hollow. Flowers form in flat-topped umbells. 

FOOLS PARSLEY Aethusa cynapium, L., Family Apiaceae, is a European weed. The whole plant is poisonous due to the occurrence of very low content of the alkaloid coniine, a cicutoxin-like substance and essential oil. There have been lethal poisonings among humans and cattle. Symptoms of poisoning are stomach-ache, increased production of saliva, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache and blurred vision. 

Modes of expression and common structural features of the complete phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family in parsley. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 5905-5909. 

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