Controllable costs analysis

Spreadsheet Applications. The types of appHcations handled with spreadsheets are a microcosm of the types of problems and situations handled with fuU-blown appHcation programs that are mn on microcomputers, minis, and mainframes and include engineering computations, process simulation, equipment design and rating, process optimization, reactor kinetics—design, cost estimation, feedback control, data analysis, and unsteady-state simulation (eg, batch distillation optimization). 

Capital, operating, and environmental control costs and life-cycle analysis (Total Systems Approach)... 

The economic factors must be considered in every application. It is important to find a technique that will meet both the technical and economical requirements. In short, pollution control costs depend on the system characteristics and the application. Some cost equations that generalize the economics of the managing systems are available in the literature. Most of these equations give rough estimates and have an accuracy of only about 30% to 50%. For a comprehensive cost comparison of different units, a detailed cost analysis based on the equipment tender proposals and the special characteristics of the project is necessary. 

Cost Analysis of Wuter Pollution Control An Annotated Bibliography, R5-73-017, Apr. 1973. Projected Wustewuter Treatment Costs in the Organic Chemical Industry, 12020 GND 07/71, July 1971. 

Cost Analysis of Water Pollution Control An Annotated Bibliography,JkS-Ti-OlI, Apr. 1973. All publications, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 

Benefit/cost analysis demonstrated that solarization can also be more convenient than other control techniques, due to its lower costs (Yaron et al. 1991 Elmore 1991a Bell 1998 Esperancini et al. 2003 Hasing et al. 2004). Potential integration of this technique within more complex pest management strategies is another main advantage of soil solarization, as they are technically combinable with most other available control methods. 

Major, B. and Powers, B. (1999) Cost Analysis of NO Control Alternatives for Stationary Gas Turbines, DOF Contract DE-FC02-97CHO877. 

For this cost analysis, an estimate of site support facilities was also performed. These costs included monitoring and control offices, site enclosure, control and safety equipment, waste preparation, waste shipping and processing, employee facilities, foundations, and installation of utilities (D17156M, pp. 17-18). These costs are also summarized in Table 1. 

Cost, yield, and net return changes for corn Computer simulations using a substitution analysis revealed that weed control costs for com producers would increase in all 10 USDA production regions without atrazine (Table 13.4). Com... 

Various control options or combinations of options need to be selected to reduce the evaluated exposure level to an acceptable one. The best option or combination of options is then selected by means of a cost analysis. The latter is most useful when comparing two or more options that have approximately an equal probability of reducing the exposure below an appropriate occupational exposure limit. Costs, including capital and expense, of the various options may then be compared using such economic parameters as present net worth or annualized cost. 

All information used and/or developed for the estimate must be documented and kept at least until the project is completed and audited. This includes drawings, take-offs, preliminary sketches, vendor quotations, etc. The backup information is required for cost and scope tracking and control as well as final cost analysis. 

In a great majority of applications, including sliding-stem control valves, the implications of cost analysis are plain rather than arbitrarily specifying a tight-shutoff class, one should generally pick the lowest class required for the application. This will help ensure that the most cost-effective valve is chosen. 

Lead pipe, cost of, 506-507 Least squares analysis, 760-764 Ledgers in accounting, 138, 144-145 Legal liability, 262-263 fessing rings, 688-690 Level controllers, cost of 813... 

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