Contract house

Contracting out of activities previously only conducted in-house is already becoming quite common and will probably continue to develop. In the past a so-called full-service pharmaceutical company took direct responsibility for all the activities required for the formulation, manufacture, quality control, and regulatory approval of its drug products. Nowadays the use of specialist contract houses to perform activities such as formulation, analytical methods development, manufacture of clinical trials supplies, supervision of the assembly of an NDA, postmarketing surveillance, and even troubleshooting may be contracted for even by some of the largest companies. 

Supplementing In-House Organizations with Contract Maintenance... 

Manpower Labor Contracts. Some faciUties prefer a strict manpower contract that suppHes skilled or unskilled labor as requited to fill ia and supplement an existing workforce. Arrangements can be made at the outset for temporary workers to be hired by the faciUty, if the need for thein service continues and they fit well iato the ia-house organization. 

In 1972, the Agency for International Development (AID) cooperated with the Sulphur Institute to prepare a program to evaluate the feasibihty of using the sulfur surface-bond technique in developing countries. Afterwards AID awarded a contract to Southwest Research Institute to constmct houses in South America and Africa using this technique. Under the contract, about 60 houses have been completed (62). 

American trypanosomiasis, known as Chagas Disease, is limited to South and Central America, where it affects 16—18 million people aimuaHy in an area where 90 million are at risk. Although only an estimated 1% of infected individuals contract the disease, poverty and poor housing exacerbate it. There is a particularly high incidence of the disease in children. 

Expertise—A client may seek to issue a toll contract if it chooses to produce a new product of unfamiliar chemistiy or formulation type. A toller may already have knowledge, equipment, and personnel uniquely suited for a given process that cannot be readily duplicated. A toller with expertise in that particular type of chemistiy or formulation could speed production and assist them in building a higher level of in-house expertise through close interaction. This may enhance the level of process safety and personnel safety should the client ever bring the process in-house. 

Contract termination is an economic threat Less control over the process than when It IS done m-house... 

Contractual arrangements may have been made for terminating the toll earlier than anticipated. Some reasons may be market shifts that slow the need for high production levels, the development of in-house production within the client company, or performance problems with a given toller. Regardless of the cause, the notification period as stated in the contract governs. 

Is maintenance provided by m house maintenance or contract maintenance ... 

Commercial computer services are available to do rigorous distillation calculations. Perhaps the licensor will provide copies of rigorous computer runs to validate his balances. Alternately, the operating company can make such runs. For highly non-ideal systems, literature data for binary pairs may have to be sought. In some cases, laboratory equilibrium data may have to be obtained in-house or contracted out to one of several organizations or universities that are in this business. 

Resources are not limited to human resources, as stated in Part 2 Chapter 1. You need to ensure that the design groups are equipped with the necessary design tools, equipment, and facilities with which to execute the tasks. Once you have asked each group to propose how they are to meet the requirements, you then need to ensure that they have the capability of doing so. This is less of a problem in-house as with subcontractors. Due to their remoteness and the keen competition, they may make claims they cannot fulfill. In controlling the design you need to ensure that adequate resources are deployed by the subcontractors and to do this pre-contract surveys and assessments need to be performed. This is implied in clause 4.6. 

Human resources, whether in-house or retained by contract, cost money, and represent either a direct or an indirect investment. In lobbying for PSM resources, be realistic about the time you think the effort will require underestimating the level of effort can raise management s expectations beyond your ability to meet them. At the same time, estimates of staff required can t ignore prevailing company priorities for example, a request for five new staffers during a hiring freeze is unlikely to be favorably received. 

If you decide to conduct contractor training in-house, apply the same curriculum you would use with your own employees. If the contractor provides the training, make sure you are confident that it meets the same standards as your own you may also need to review contract language to assure that it properly reflects any adjustments in the contractor s obligations. In a situation that combines both approaches, use these suggestions case by case. 

Principal contractor with domestic sub-contractor and supplier. The expression domestic does not necessarily infer housing, although housing contracts can be carried out in this manner. A domestic sub-contractor is a contractor who is appointed by the principal contractor. The client has no relationship with a domestic sub-contractor, unless he interferes with his selection such that the appointment becomes nominated. This type of appointment has become very common. 

The employment of full-time security staff either in-house personnel or contracted out to a professional guarding company (preferably one that is a member of the British Security Industry Association (BSIA) Manned Services Inspectorate) can make a significant contribution to overall security. Consideration should be given to the range of duties to be performed by security staff, their location, and how they will interface with other security measures and external agencies. 

Aronsen, Some Preparation Methods And Physical Characteristics of U02 Powders , Westing-house Electric Corp, Penn, WAPD-178, USAEC Contract AT-1 l-l-GEN-14 (1958) 23a) C.R. 

In a sealing situation, leakage past the elastomer, outside and around its surface, usually due to imperfections in the housing this applies especially in a dynamic arrangement if the sealing stress diminishes due to relaxation, wear, and/or thermal contraction... 

In the past, accessing these data has usually involved the creation of complex, specialised computer programs, either in-house or via external contracts. Both... 

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