Contractual Arrangements

The contractual arrangements for the design and construction of a nuclear power plant can be grouped into three basic categories, as follows  

The selection of the type of contract (turnkey vs non-turnkey) is one of the key decisions to be taken by the buyer when embarking on a nuclear power project. The decision should, therefore, be carefully considered, based on the analysis of all relevant factors, paramount among which are the experience and competence level of the utility organization in the area of large project management. Since a nuclear project is likely to be the most complex and capital intensive project in the history of most utilities, they will not have sufficient project experience at the necessary level. In this case, a turnkey contract is the advisable form for the implementation of the project, especially the first one. 

A turnkey contract has both advantages and disadvantages. Among the advantages are  

The approach taken by several of the prospective suppliers, using more shop fabrication and stressing construction schedule control, would also tend to favour a turn-key type contract. 

The major disadvantage with turnkey contracts has often been stated to be the limited possibilities which the buyer has to influence the project and to have domestic participation. These disadvantages can. 

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In most processes, the largest individual cost is raw materials. Raw materials costs and product prices tend to have the largest influence on the economic performance of the process. The value of raw materials and products depends on whether the materials in question are being bought and sold under a contractual arrangement (either within or outside the company) or on the open market (the spot price). Open-market prices can fluctuate considerably with time. Products are normally sold at below open-market price when under a contractual arrangement. 

In recent years a new approach to contracting has evolved and Is gaining rapid acceptance In the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS). The concept has become known as partnering and can be seen as a progression of the incentive contract. Whilst the previously described contractual arrangements are restricted to a single well project... 

Contractual arrangements may have been made for terminating the toll earlier than anticipated. Some reasons may be market shifts that slow the need for high production levels, the development of in-house production within the client company, or performance problems with a given toller. Regardless of the cause, the notification period as stated in the contract governs. 

X. Employees practicing in professional fields where advancement is dependent upon publication will not be inhibited from so doing except through contractual arrangements. 

The budget must be set, the means of payment agreed and contractual arrangements for premature trial termination decided. In addition, the legal contract should include payments, if any, when a study subject drops out or when it is impossible to evaluate an individual subject (e.g. protocol violations by an investigator, such as recruitment of subjects who do not meet the inclusion criteria - which are an indication for extra clarification of protocol requirements). There should be a clear understanding of the costs and expenses that the site s institution or hospital will absorb and what the sponsor will pay for either directly or indirectly. 

In the case of relevant worldwide scientific literature, the clock starts with awareness of the publication by any personnel of the marketing authorisation holder the marketing authorisation holder is expected to maintain awareness of possible publications by accessing a widely used systematic literature review and reference database, such as Medline, Excerpta Medica or Embase, no less frequently than once a week, or by making formal contractual arrangements with a second party to perform this task marketing authorisation holders are also expected to ensure that relevant publications in each Member State are appropriately reviewed. 

The transfer an industrial activity—production or service—that thus far was carried out in-house to a third party through a contractual arrangement. 

Under the contractual arrangements for the ACG and Shah Deniz field developments, SOCAR has assumed the major responsibility for managing the volumes of natural gas delivered to the Azerbaijan market, including the potential for significant, short notice variations in the volume. In effect, this responsibility extends to include the ability of Azerigaz transmission system... 

Regulations to be applied to follow-up visits and not to new patients (i.e., those who have not been seen previously by the physician). Since the compensation goes from Medicare to the physician or the clinic, pharmacists may develop a contractual arrangement with the provider or clinic to be compensated for the incident to physician services (e.g., an hourly or per-patient fee) (Snella, 1999). 

UK aluminium smelters are assumed to be outside of the trading part of the scheme, but still exposed to the UK-specific electricity price increase that this would engender. In practice, some aluminium smelters may own and some may have contractual arrangements with fossil-fuel power stations, meaning that they do participate in the EU ETS, and the results described below will not apply to them. 

Several recent court cases have involved copyright infringement in electronic media. The legal disputes centered on which party controlled specific rights under the contractual arrangements authors had with publishers. A common thread to these cases is whether a publisher controls all rights to publish content... 

Fig 2 Contractual arrangements for independently financed energy conversion... 

When the Commission on Therapeutics (COT) identifies a topic for Therapeutic Guideline development, ASHP formally solicits proposals for a contractual arrangement with an individual, group, or organization to draft the Guidelines document and coordinate its review. The contractor will work with a panel of six to ten experts appointed by ASHP who have diverse backgrounds relevant to the topic. 

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