Containment explosive

CAUTION. Acetals, like ethers, may contain explosive peroxides which must be removed before distillation is attempted. The procedure to be adopted is similar to that described under Ethers (see Section 111,60). 

Most modem projectiles and virtually all missiles contain explosives. The plasmas that result from explosives are intrinsic to operation of warheads, bombs, mines, and related devices. Nuclear weapons and plasmas are intimately related. Plasmas are an inevitable result of the detonation of fission and fusion devices and are fundamental to the operation of fusion devices. Compressed pellets, in which a thermonuclear reaction occurs, would be useful militarily for simulation of the effects of nuclear weapons on materials and devices. 

Containment (Explosion-Pressure-Resistant Design for Maximum Explosion Overpressure) An explosion-resistant construction is understood to mean the possibihty of designing vessels and equipment for the full maximum explosion ove (pressure, which is generally of the order P = 9 bar. The explosion-resistant vessel can then be designed as explosion pressure resistant or explosion pressure shock resistant. This protective measure is generally employed when small vessel volumes need to be protected, such as small filter units, fluidized-bed dryers, cyclones, rotaiy valves, or mill housings. 

Comparison of E] q)losion Protection Design Measures In Table 26-24, comparison is made of the explosion protection design measures of containment, explosion venting, and explosion suppression. Regarding the effectiveness of the different explosion design measures, all three techniques are equal if the design of these measures is performed properly. 

Gun powders/propcl hints Muzzle blast Recoilless rifle blast Exploding sparks Exploding wires Laser sparks Contained explosions ... 

Aluminium coatings are not favoured in atmospheres containing explosive mixtures because contact with rusty steel can cause incendiary sparking, and for this reason aluminium coatings are not used for protection of structures in coalmines (cf. CP 2008 1966). 

Fig 9 Density effect of stretched and unstretched explosives curves 1—3 refer to unstressed sheets 1 = 15% natural rubber, 2 = 15% depolymerized rubber, 3 = 20% depolymerized rubber. Curve 4 refers to a stretched 15% rubber containing explosive of 1,4g/cc initial density (Ref 45)... 

See entries SILVER-CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES, SILVERING SOLUTIONS... 

See Potassium Nitrogen-containing explosives Sulfuric acid... 

A demonstration by Berthollet in 1788 of replacement of potassium nitrate in gunpowder by the chlorate led to a violent explosion during the crushing operation which caused two fatalities. Later incidents involving factories for chlorate-containing explosives led to widespread destruction. 

See Ammonium sulfate, etc., above Aluminium Ammonium nitrate Potassium Nitrogen-containing explosives... 

Isolation system Containment Explosion venting Explosion suppression... 

Shutting down a process, either for an indefinite period of time or permanently, can introduce chemical reactivity hazard management considerations. For example, one facility wanted to dismantle some equipment for a process for which an ether was a feedstock. A review of facility records did not conclusively reveal whether the equipment had been thoroughly decontaminated after the process was shut down years before. This left open the possibility that the equipment might contain explosive peroxides that could have formed over time by peroxidation of the ether. In another example, an unstable byproduct exploded when piping removed from a process unit was being cut into smaller pieces for disposal. 

See FULMINATING METALS, SILVER-CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES, TOLLENS REAGENT... 

The COINS process uses an overhead conveyor system that collects metal parts containing explosive energetics components (fuzes and bursters) into baskets that are moved through a tank containing a caustic bath that hydrolyzes the energetic materials in the metal parts. No propellant is sent to the COINS. 

Not all the projectiles in storage at Blue Grass Army Depot contain explosive burster charges. Those projectiles with bursters (155-mm HD rounds) are pro-... 

Buxton and Harrington [68] used SPE to pre-concentrate explosives and remove matrices. Water samples were passed through commercially available SPE disks. After the extraction step, the SPE disk containing explosives was inserted into... 

An application well-suited for IMS is the decommissioning and cleanup of sites where extensive manufacturing of explosives has taken place in the last century and where widespread contamination of soils and waters has occurred [74]. Decontamination of model metal scrap artificially contaminated with TNT and of decommissioned mortar rounds stiU containing explosives residue was followed by sampling surfaces with analysis by a portable mobility spectrometer. Mixed anaerobic microbial populations of bioslurries were employed in decontamination of scrap and the mortar rounds, and the IMS analyzer was seen as a sensitive field... 

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