Resist design

Fig. 28. Traditional duv-resist design using derivatives of polyhydroxystyrene. Monomer (a) contributes hydrophilic character to the polymer, and its acidic phenol group enhances aqueous base solubiUty monomer (b) provides acid-labile pendent groups.

Fig. 32. Acryhc polymers found ia CA resists designed for hthographic apphcations usiag 193 nm light.

Fig. 36. Representative bilayer resist systems. Both CA and non-CA approaches are illustrated (116—119). (a) Cross-linking E-beam resist, 193-nm thin-film imaging resist (b) acid-cataly2ed negative-tone cross-linking system (c) positive-tone CA resist designed for 193-nm appHcations and (d) positive-tone...

Containment (Explosion-Pressure-Resistant Design for Maximum Explosion Overpressure) An explosion-resistant construction is understood to mean the possibihty of designing vessels and equipment for the full maximum explosion ove (pressure, which is generally of the order P = 9 bar. The explosion-resistant vessel can then be designed as explosion pressure resistant or explosion pressure shock resistant. This protective measure is generally employed when small vessel volumes need to be protected, such as small filter units, fluidized-bed dryers, cyclones, rotaiy valves, or mill housings. 

Explosion-Pressure-Resistant Design for Reduced Maximum Explosion Overpressure with Explosion Suppression Explosion suppression systems provide one means to prevent the buildup of an inadmissibly high pressure, which is the consequence of explosions of combustible material in vessels. They operate by effectively extinguishing explosion flames in the initial stage of the explosion. An explosion of combustible material can generally be regarded as successfully suppressed when the maximum explosion overpressure can be lowered to a reduced explosion overpressure of not more than 1 bar (see Fig. 26-40). 

Very high temperature-rise permissible limits of resistance units render them unsuitable for installations which are fire-prone, such its pulp and paper industries, chemical industries, refineries, textile mills, etc. For specific iipphcations and surroundings, however, resistance design can be altered (derated) to restrict the temperature rise to within desirable limits. 

Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures 1893/1991 DDENV 1998 (1-5) /1996... 

In the next chapter we shall look at some case studies in corrosion-resistant designs which are based on the ideas we have just discussed. 

Corrosion resistance Design of treatment/disposal plant... 

In Europe process equipment such as spray dryers, flnid-bed dryers, and mills are available in shock-resistant designs for pressures up to 10 barg (145 psig). 

The overpressure-consequence relationship in Table 5.3 is given for typical buildings of ordinary construction (i.e., not blast-resistant design). This qualitative characterization of consequences does not explicitly account for the specific structural characteristics of a particular plant building nor does it account for the impulse or duration of the blast wave. As a result, the... 

For low-hazard situations, blast-resistant design is not required because a fire is more likely than an explosion in case of a flammable vapor release. Where little or no explosion hazard (low hazard) exists, it is only necessary to meet conventional building code requirements, including those for fire protection. 

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