Muzzle blast

Gun powders/propcl hints Muzzle blast Recoilless rifle blast Exploding sparks Exploding wires Laser sparks Contained explosions ... 

Background. The report or noise of a tiring gun is numbered among the various objectionable phenomena that develop at the muzzle. Noise is closely associated with flash and muzzle blast inasmuch as attempts to attenuate any of the three will unquestionably have some influence on the other two. On the other hand, if no controlling measures are taken, secondary flash may prolong the duration of report and muzzle blast but not necessarily increase their intensity. And, since muzzle gas pressures are related to all three, noise and blast intensity may be assumed to influence flash... 

Although the suppressor will eliminate muzzle blast noise,flash and smoke, a super sonic crack will be heard when standard 5.56 NATO or commercial. 223 ammo is used. If special circumstances dictate maximum sound control and allow for reduced range and stopping power,the crack can be eliminated by firing specially loaded subsonic rounds. 

This inven-tion relates to firearms and more particularly to a silencer for reducing the muzzle blast ... 

The principal object of the invention is to reduce the noise associated with the muzzle blast of a firearm. Other objects are to reduce the weighty size and cost of a silencer and improve the stability of performance. 

G. Klingenberg, J.M. Heimerl, Gun muzzle blast and flash. Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics 139. 3-14 (1992). 

Juhasz (1977) qualitatively demonstrated that lead-based ammunition was associated with the generation of particles ranging from under 0.3 to 100 pm most of the particles were smaller than 1 pm. That observation is similar to results regarding the particle size of copper associated with the use of lead-based or lead-free frangible ammunition. For example, the Air Force Institute for Occupational Health (AFIOH 2008) reported that most airborne copper particles associated with an M4 rifle muzzle blast have an aerodynamic diameter under 5 pm. The committee was unable to obtain similar quantitative data on particle size distributions associated with lead-based ammunition used in different small-arms weapons. 

Blasting gelatine and dynamites are now used only for civil purposes. Originally, they were suggested as military explosives, particularly for filling shells with a low muzzle velocity, until it was shown that fillings made with nitroglycerine explosives may cause premature explosions inside the barrel. 

VR measured by the radar will at any point in space equal the actual projectile velocity Vp multiplied by the cosine of the angle 0, ie, VR = Vp cos 0. In recoilless firing experiments, it obviously is not possible tp locate the radar directly behind the gun. It, therefore, is necessary to locate the radar as close to the side of the gun as possible, considering blast effects on the equipment, to obtain good down range measurements. For accurate muzzle velocities or velocity of the projectile while in the barrel, the radar... 

There is evidence to suggest that the FDR on the firer s hand is blasted on to the hand during the firing process and that residue settling from the atmosphere does not appear to contribute. Copious amounts of FDR issue from the muzzle but play a secondary role in hand deposits. The hand deposits are mainly emitted from openings around the breech and ejection port in self loading firearms and from the flash gap between the cylinder and barrel in revolvers.174 Such residues can also be deposited on to the face, head hair, and clothing of the firer. 

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