Directional venting, explosives

Directional Venting. Most vented explosion safety structures are designed with blowout wall panels, entire walls, entire roofs, or even the entire roof and one wall. Other walls and roofs in the structure are designed to withstand a worst-case explosion without catastrophic failure. The explosion-proof parts of the structure provide some close-in blast protection, and hopefully complete protection from fragments and thermal radiation. But blast in the venting directions is not always attenuated compared to free-field blast and can even be enhanced in certain directions. 

If it is necessary to locate equipment with explosion vents inside buildings, vent ducts should be used to direct vented material from the equipment to the outdoors. Vent ducts will significantly increase the pressure development in the equipment during venting. They require at least the same cross section as the vent area and the same design pressure as the protected equipment. 

Relief venting Relief vents that are properly sized relieve and direct dryer explosions to protect the dryer and personnel if an explosion does occur. Normally they are simple pop-out panels with a minimum length of ducting to direct the explosion away from personnel or other equipment. 

Venting The term venting is popularly associated with pressure relief systems and devices, which are installed on enclosed conveyors (pneumatic, air gravity, screw etc.) and silos to prevent pressure buildup and potential explosions. However, sometimes dust is directly vented to either the atmosphere or to a ducting system with or without dilution with air. In this case venting may be classified as a method for non-fugitive dust control by ventilation or Di-Pution. 

The vessel cover is free of drive components, allowing space for additional process nozzles, manholes, explosion venting, etc., as well as a temperatrrre lance for direct, continrrorrs prodrrct-temperatrrre... 

Some vent streams, such as light hydrocarbons, can be discharged directly to the atmosphere even though they are flammable and explosive. This can be done because the high-velocity discharge entrains sufficient air to lower the hydrocarbon concentration below the lower explosive limit (API RP 521, 1997). Toxic vapors must be sent to a flare or scrubber to render them harmless. Multiphase streams, such as those discharged as a result of a runaway reaction, for example, must first be routed to separation or containment equipment before final discharge to a flare or scrubber. 

Another somewhat similar incident occurred when butadiene from a reactor flowed in the wrong direction up a line used for adding emulsifier. The check valve, which should have prevented the flow, was obstructed. The emulsifier tank was in a building and had an open vent. Butadiene came out and exploded. The explosion was heard 15 km away, but damage was minimized by the light construction of the building, w hich ruptured at the junction of the roof and walls [13]. 

Sources of information about the isotopic composition of the upper portion of the lithospheric mantle come from the direct analysis of unaltered ultramafic xenoliths brought rapidly to the surface in explosive volcanic vents. Due to rapid transport, these peridotite nodules are in many cases chemically fresh and considered by most... 

Place the upper (ether) layer in flask with a vent hose running to the outside. Place the flask in a pan filled with hot water (Do not directly heat the pan or flask Ether is highly explosive). Boil off the ether. Add more hot water to the pan if needed. 

In the construction of the wet oxidation unit, several areas of safety were considered. Of utmost importance was that of personal safety. Since this type of operation demands the use of high pressures and temperatures, operator contact with the high pressure vessels had to be limited. To accommodate this criterion, a barrier was constructed to shield the operator from any unforeseen releases from the reactor. This barrier was constructed from 1/4 inch steel and is desig ied in a manner that will fully contain any releases. This barrier is also equipped with two explosion vents to direct the force of any explosions away from the main walls and into a safe area. To further maximize personnel safety, all operator assisted controls are mounted on the outside of the unit. 

Most LNG vehicles provide a manifold to capture natural gas vented from the LNG tank and direct it to a safe location outside of the vehicle, usually near the top of the vehicle where the vented natural gas will rise and dissipate safely. For vehicle maintenance facilities, exhaust systems with explosion-proof blowers and motors should be provided. When the vehicle is brought inside for maintenance, the exhaust system hose is placed over the LNG vent and the system is turned on. Any vented natural gas vapor is then safely removed from the building. For vehicle parking facilities, this is usually not a practical solution fc - cost and implementation reasons. 

Hazards Chlorine gas is produced in this procedure either properly vent the gas, or neutralize it by bubbling it through a sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution. Carryout this procedure away from direct sun-light, and keep any source of ignition away— hydrogen gas is very flammable and explosive. 

In the bottom-drive system, the vessel cover is free of drive components, allowing space for additional process nozzles, manholes, explosion venting, etc., as well as a temperature lance for direct, continuous product temperature measurement in the vessel. The top cover of the vessel is easily heated by either a half-pipe coil or heat tracing, which ensures that no vapor condensation will occur in the process area. 

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