Construction and Installation

The actual installation consists of four phases touchdown, skirt penetration, base seating, and underbase grouting. In the following, each of these phases will be discussed. 

Touchdown is when the structure s base first makes contact with the seafloor. The position and orientation of the platform is then held fixed so that any adjustments in position or orientation can be made before the skirts come into contact with the seabed. Touchdown can be recorded by instrumented dowels or any other appropriate system. 

As ballasting is increased, the skirts start to penetrate into the seabed. The primary concern during the phase is (1) to prevent piping and the resulting erosion from occurring in the sediments below the base and (2) to maintain verticality. A slow penetration rate is usually employed to achieve these requirements. Typical penetration rates are as low as 0.1-0.2 m/h. 

At this stage in the installation procedure it is important to monitor the tendency of the platform to tilt owing to eccentric resistance of the seafloor materials to the skirt penetration. This should preferably be controlled by eccentric ballasting to keep the platform vertical. It may be difficult to correct tilt at a later stage if most of the ballast weight has been utilized. 

The purpose of the control of base seating is to provide a gap between the base of the structure and the potentially uneven seafloor to prevent localized stress concentrations. The resulting gap will subsequently be filled with grout to allow for a uniform transfer of loads. For platforms such as Condeeps with spherical-shaped bottom domes, the depth of penetration of the domes in the seafloor materials has been up to 0.6 m. 

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Water hammer can also occur in steam mains, condensate return lines, and heat exchange equipment where steam entrapment can take place (Fig. I). A coil constructed and installed as shown here, except with just a steam trap at the outlet, permits steam from the control valve to be directed through the center tube(s) first. Steam then gets into the return header before the top and bottom tubes are filled with steam. Consequently, these top and bottom tubes are fed with steam from both ends. Waves of condensate are moved toward each other from both ends, and steam can be trapped between the waves. 

AMD 1 Specification for safety and environmental aspects m the design, construction and installation of refrigerating appliances and systems (AMD 9383) dated 15 March 1997. Supersedes BS 4434 1989... 

High-quality constructed and installed duct systems may perform better than class C. A reduction to 1/3 of the class C values is possible. 

C22.2, No. 213 Equipment for Use in Class 1, Division 2 Hazardous Locations, A Guide for the Design, Construction and Installation of Electrical Equipment John Bossert and Randolph Hurst... 

Instruments should be constructed and installed so tluat tliey can be easily inspected and nmintained... 

Special Precaution. Articles 500 through 504 require equipment construction and installation that will ensure safe performance under conditions of proper use and maintenance. 

BS5924 Construction and installation of equipment for resistance welding. 

Be so constructed and installed to facilitate adjustment, disassembly cleaning, and maintenance to assure the reliability of control procedures, uniformity of production, and exclusion from the drugs of contaminants from previous and current operations... 

Vault Provisions for Design, Construction, and Installation of Pipeline... 

Drilling Techniques for the Construction and Installation of Monitoring, Recovery, and Injection Wells... 

NFPA 853 National Fire Protection Association 853 - Standard for Fuel Cell Power Plants provides a standard for the design, construction and installation of stationary packaged, self contained and field constructed fuel cell power plants with a capacity greater than 50 kW. This standard has been approved and will be published during the summer of 2000. 

A pilot plant can be relatively inexpensive if construction and installation is done in-house, using readily available materials and equipment. Of course, the size of the pilot plant will determine whether in-house construction is feasible, as will the knowledge and experience of the personnel. On the other hand, it may prove necessary to use one of the several consulting... 

Based on results of a study conducted by ARDEC, LaJeunesse et al. estimated the equipment cost of a pilot-scale SCWO research facility to be 615,000. They stated that construction and installation costs would increase the total cost by a factor of 2 or more. These 1994 estimates were based on the performance of a bench-scale Sandia unit with an average flow rate of 1.0 to 1.5 g/sec. For this study, the following assumptions were used ... 

Increased short-term capital costs for construction and installation when compared with pump-and-treat. 

The HIMAC-NIRS Program. After the shutdown of the therapy facility at Berkeley, the National Institute for Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in Chiba, Japan initiated a therapy program with carbon ions. In 1993, construction and installation of the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) was completed. This was the world s first carbon-ion accelerator fully dedicated to medical use in a hospital environment. The HIMAC project was part of the Japanese government s 10-year plan against cancer. 

As part of the planning part of the project, an evaluation of the cleaning requirements for both the equipment and the facility must be done. An overall plan must be outlined for the evaluation of the success of the team. This success may be measured by the results of the equipment and facility qualification. What criteria will we use to qualify our construction and installation The answer to this question will allow us to tailor our activities so that we can remain focused on the task at hand. 

Have HEPA final filters that have been tested to assure leak-proof construction and installation. 

IEA in cooperation with KiSKA Technical Construction Company of Turkey has constructed and installed seven individual biogas plants in five districts of the republic. 

You ll find detailed instructions on construction and installation of advanced and improvised explosives, as well as informative, intriguing glimpses into the world of terrorism and counterterrorism. And you ll get a close-up look at the favorite terror tools of anarchists, saboteurs, and antiterrorist professionals from around the world, including the IRA, PLO, Mossad, Basque ETA, and SAS. 

By fabricating with proper materials, using proper construction and installation techniques and confirming equipment suitability with tests... 

Study, on a scientific basis, what causes the destruction of graphic materials, and what constitutes proper conservation measures to establish standards for the construction and installation of archives and libraries. 

During construction and installation, the installer s good decisions... 

Site construction of the project requires organizing the constmction bid packages, selecting contractors, and writing subcontracts. These contracts include a specific scope of work for the various construction and installation tasks and the implementation of appropriate procedures for expediting the project. An equipment installation document is then prepared for the construction contractor (9). This document verifies that equipment is properly connected to the defined utilities (air, electrical, water, sanitary drains, product, cleaning systems) and that the contractor has a planned schedule of events. Arrival of the equipment will initiate the startup and testing phase for the equipment. 

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