Contractors construction

Chapter 4 presents a more detailed discussion concerning the EPCM contractor on site. 

Constmction contractors are chosen for their competence in the various disciplines. They bring to the site the necessary human and physical resources together with the stmcture, organization and procedures necessary to meet their contractual obligations. With the prior permission of the EPCM contractor, a construction contractor may subcontract part of its workscope, but in that case the construction contractor is entirely responsible for the quality of work of the subcontractor. The construction contractors receive engineering 

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In building very long pipelines, the pipeline company usually employs several construction contractors The total length of line is divided into a number of sections with separate equipment and crews. Usually, each crew works oil nol more than 100 miles (161 kilumeiers). By partitioning the construction task, the entire operation can be speeded up, particularly important in areas where freezing temperatures or rain and mud may interfere with the work. 

Qualification activities are usually undertaken in order to characterize a facility s services and utilities as well as the equipment that would be used as part of a manufacturing process. As indicated earlier, these activities will include installation and operational activities as part of the validation function. Most companies will issue a report that documents the features of the facility s processing rooms, such as the electrical, water, gas, and HVAC services, for the installation qualification. Table 5 is a generic outline of the items that would be found in the IQ report. Whenever the process equipment is permanendy fixed in these rooms, the report will also list the equipment as well as its operating requirements and features. See Table 6 for an outline of questions that would be used to complete a report, which includes equipment qualification. It is preferred that qualification occur as soon as the equipment or facility is ready for routine operation so that any unexpected results will be corrected by the equipment vendor and/or construction contractor. 

As we said earlier, nucleic acids are the architects and construction contractors for synthesizing proteins. There are two kinds of nucleic acids. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the blueprint for synthesis of proteins. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is the construction contractor. Messenger RNA reads the instructions for synthesis of a protein encoded on a strand of DNA and carries those instructions to the worksite, where transfer RNA brings the amino acids in for incorporation into the polypeptide chain. Now, let s take a closer look at the structures of DNA and RNA. 

This installation is also referred to in a cost estimate dated November 18, 1942, from the Polish firm Michael Ochnik Construction Contractors Lublin for brick work on two large chimneys measuring 0.75 m x 0.70 m x 1.70 m in the Gas Chamber , including piercing a hole (anshauen) in the concrete ceiling, for the fur and garment workshop at a cost of 285 Zlotys. 7... 

Construction Document Development The construction documents should convey the intent of the design team and client to the construction team. A good set of construction documents should result in a tight spread of construction bids as there should be little room for varying interpretation on the part of the potential construction contractors. The drawings should have sufficient notes to convey the design intent without creating a cluttered appearance. The written specifications should be as brief as possible consistent with clarity. 

The construction contractors or construction manager must submit ... 

The preliminaiy execution plan provides sufficient information to permit the project team to conduct a meaningful survey of available local construction contractors and establish a viable contracting plan. 

The cost estimate must be consistent with the Project Execution Plan and reflect the execution approach. If the approach is to use multiple construction contractors, the estimate backup must contain sufficient details so that it can be recast with minimum effort to reflect the scope and cost of each contract. 

The scope of work of any engineering firm doing the detailed engineering should include the assembly of a technical package to select construction contractors on a competitive basis. However, where the engineering is done in-house, it is up to the Project Manager to do that work. 

Failure to perform these activities within the project time frame will result in schedule delays and a corresponding impact on engineering and construction costs. A compromise option, worth considering, would be to carry the in-house work up to the issue of purchase orders and assign all the follow-up and delivery responsibility to the engineering or the construction contractor. 

Once engineering is complete, the project moves to the field, and construction is contracted, preferably on lump sum basis. Schedule then becomes the prime responsibility of the construction contractor(s). However, the Project Manager must make independent progress evaluations to confirm that the work is proceeding according to schedule and no expediting action is required. 

Heat Tracing - The heat tracing units, steam and electrical, were developed in the late 1980 s with the help of construction contractors and have been escalated to late 2000 (C.E. plant cost index of 420). The models used to prepare the unit prices are shown in Appendix J and can be used to adapt them to different circumstanees. 

Contracting approach Separate engineering construction contractors Design build... 

The Construction Manager has a dual responsibility to both the Project Manager and the plant engineer. The Construction Manager represents the Project Manager in the field and is the official contact with construction contractors in all field-related matters. Generally, the CM is responsible for all field activities including those performed directly by the Owner s personnel. The duties include but are not limited to ... 

At the end of construction, Contractor has completed its scope of work in accordance with all the Owner s requirements and wants the Owner to accept the plant and assume the responsibility for operations. 

Site construction of the project requires organizing the constmction bid packages, selecting contractors, and writing subcontracts. These contracts include a specific scope of work for the various construction and installation tasks and the implementation of appropriate procedures for expediting the project. An equipment installation document is then prepared for the construction contractor (9). This document verifies that equipment is properly connected to the defined utilities (air, electrical, water, sanitary drains, product, cleaning systems) and that the contractor has a planned schedule of events. Arrival of the equipment will initiate the startup and testing phase for the equipment. 

The detailed specifications for the process streams and the equipment are set. All of the drawings and documents required by construction contractors and equipment vendors are prepared. Another cost estimate determines whether to proceed with a request to the business and legal departments to call for bids for plant construction. Construction cost estimates present another decision to proceed with the project. 

The start-up and acceptance of the plant by construction contractors involves a new set of process engineers. Equipment must perform to specifications. There will be an agreement concerning product production rate and quality that must be met to complete the construction phase. 

Retains most significant element affecting pilot plant success in house Information transfer minimized Proprietary information protected Improved in-house expertise developed Reduces demand on internal resources Easier to locate a qualified construction contractor than a design contractor Often faster to complete... 

Final construction product is dependent on the skill of the contractor Equipment and materials selection may be less than desirable unless specified Locating qualified construction contractor is a tedious and time-consuming task Construction supervision/follow up remains an issue Higher cost (profit and overhead)... 

The general contractor approach gives the responsibility for construction management to a construction contractor. Most often this contractor will be the one who will also hold the largest subcontract on the project. The major advantage of the arrangement is lower cost. It does not, however, come without price. The contractor selected may not have the qualified people to control the pjuts of the job in which he has no expertise, he may add parts of the project to his work scope that he is not qualified for, and the work he self-performs will not have the advantage of checks and balances on its quality. 

The business is arranged in four divisions. Approximately 35% of turnover comes from chemical manufacture and 45% from distribution APAC America s largest highway construction contractors ... 

A building or enclosure incorporating pressure resistant and pressure relieving features should be designed by an engineer competent in this area. Construction should be performed by qualified construction contractors. Vent panels and vent panel relief devices that have been listed or approved for this use are available. 

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