Consolidants evaluation

Using a single evaluation tool or methodology throughout the baseline assessment helps ensure consistency among evaluations conducted at different facilities and by different individuals. In addition, remember that you will need to consolidate all the information you gather during the assessment phase, and it s far easier to do so if you have used a common method. 

The review of the data portion of the Indian Point 2 (IP2) and 3 (IPS) PRA (a 1982 internal document prepared by Consolidated Edison and the New York Power Authority) is confined to the plant-specific and generic component failure and service hour data sections because these were the only segments available to the reviewers. The LERs produced during a ten-year span of IP2 s operation were evaluated to determine their applicability to the PRA data needs. It was eventually decided to use only the LERs generated after IP2 became critical (from May 23, 1973 to December 31, 1979) for the component data base development, based on the availability of failure event information and more uniform operability, testing, and reporting criteria. 

Pourbaix has evaluated all possible equilibria between a metal M and HjO (see Table 1.7) and has consolidated the data into a single potential-pH diagram, which provides a pictorial summary of the anions and cations (nature and activity) and solid oxides (hydroxides, hydrated oxides and oxides) that are at equilibrium at any given pH and potential a similar approach has been adopted for certain M-H2O-X systems where A" is a non-metal, e.g. Cr, CN , CO, SOj , POj", etc. at a defined concentration. These diagrams give the activities of the metal cations and anions at any specified E and pH, and in order to define corrosion in terms of an equilibrium activity, Pourbaix has selected the arbitrary value of 10 ° g ion/1, i.e. corrosion of a metal is defined in terms of the pH and potential that give an equilibrium activity of metal cations or anions > 10 g ion/1 conversely, passivity and immunity are defined in terms of an equilibrium activity of < 10 g ion/1. (Note that g ion/1 is used here because this is the unit used by Pourbaix in the S.I, the relative activity is dimensionless.)... 

U S Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Center for Biologies Evaluation and Research. Guidelines for industry Good clinical practice consolidated guidance. 1996. Rockville Maryland. 

Evaluate the patient for response to therapy during induction, consolidation, and maintenance by following hematologic indices closely. 

Measurement of the punch and die forces plus the relative displacement of the punches can provide raw data which, when suitably processed and interpreted, facilitate the evaluation of many tableting parameters. Many of the workers first involved in instrumenting tablet presses concentrated on deriving relationships between the applied force (FA) and the porosity (E) of the consolidating mass. 

The rational characterisation of risks requites iterative evaluation processes in different stages on the basis of easily available information (preliminary processes, screening). The step-by-step consolidation of information about substance properties and exposnre potential should be made depending on the risk involved in order to concentrate the required resources for information procurement and evalnation where the essential risks are located (proceduralisation 2). 

The state provides to industry a harmonised framework for determining, evaluating and communicating risks in the European market (REACH). This also includes a form of standardisation for procedures, responsibilities and time frames in the chain, and options for state sanctions. This increases the market potential and innovation incentives for demonstrably application-safe chemical products. At the same time the basis is created for efficiency gains by employing universal IT solutions in the European market. However, the required framework also means that implementation is left to the industry and the market in many areas in order to leave enough scope for diversified solutions that are specific to the different supply chains. Simply the announcement of the REACH system has improved vertical communication in the supply chains and supported the consolidation of substance and application knowledge. 

International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). Topic E6 Note for Guidance on Good Clinical Practice Consolidated Guideline, CPMP/ICH/135/95. London European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, 1996. 

Consolidation/Fiber Motion Submodel The consolidation and fiber motion submodels evaluate the effects of processing conditions on the interaction between plies. In particular, the consolidation submodel (for thermoplastics) models the bonding between composite plies. The fiber motion submodel (for thermosets) yields the fiber position and fiber volume fraction within the cylinder. 

During development, evaluation of the consolidated materials was based primarily on two criteria, leachability and the concentration factor, i.e., the concentration of waste oxides on a volume basis. The concentration factor is directly affected by the residual porosity in a consolidated waste as well as by the dilution caused by the addition of consolidation aids. This factor can be as high as 1.2 g/cm3 for a fully dense ( 5 g/cm ) titanate waste prepared from the projected Barnwell plant solution composition. The factor is slightly lower for a titanate waste containing silicon and zeolite additions, which has a typical density of U.2 g/cm3. The leachability was determined by an "instantaneous leach test developed for fast, comparative evaluations of materials, the details of which are described elsewhere (l6). 

Consolidated Diesel of Whitakers, N.C., uses material safety data sheets to screen all hazardous materials coming into the plant (Kohl 1984). The company routes MSDSs through hazardous material and medical personnel during the requisition process. The approval of these individuals is required before a substance is allowed onto the plant site. This ensures that each substance is properly documented and evaluated in terms of its hazardous characteristics prior to its use. This can reduce hazardous waste generation by preventing the use of some materials which would require regulated disposal. 

Treatments to prepare the site for seeding or planting are determined after evaluation of site data and establishment of the land-management options and objectives. Grass and legumes often require more surface preparation than trees and shrubs. Uncompacted fill slopes and freshly reshaped surfaces may make acceptable seedbeds. Hard crusts form on many spoils fine clay-size particles are consolidated by the drying action of wind and sun. This crust may be broken by rainfall, frost, or mechanical scarification. In many cases, ground cover will be denser if it is seeded into fresh spoil or where spoil surf.ices have been broken by natural or mechanical scarification. 

Ozawa, M., Hirano, H., Koma, Y., Kawata, T. 1995. Enhancing actinides separation by consolidated PUREX and TRUEX processes intensified by salt-free requisite. Int. Conf. Evaluation of Emerging Nuclear Fuel Cycle Systems. GLOBAL 95, Vol. 1, Versailles, France, September 11-14, pp. 585-594. 

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