Conclusions Section

The evaluation of the large amount of experimental hquid hold-up data leads to the conclusion that turbulent liquid flow can be expected in packed columns at Rep 2, whilst laminar liquid flow is expected at Rcl 2. This corresponds approximately to the model presented by Gelbe [22]. 

The evaluation of experimental data from literature and the author s own database led to the following results. 

The constant Cp = 0.57 for Eq. (4-32) has been re-determined by means of experiments carried out during the course of this work. 

In the case of higher Reynolds numbers, Rep 100, the experimental data shown in Fig. 4-6b can be described with the following correlation  

The practical advantage of applying Eq. (4-32) Hes in the fact that the geometric packing surface area a is the only variable required to calculate the liquid hold-up. It is possible to determine the liquid hold-up hp in packed columns more accurately using Eq. (4-32), i.e. with a relative error of 5(hL) 10—15%, if a packing-specific constant 

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The same group has published two articles on indazoles [indazole (36), 1-methyl- (106) and 2-methyl-indazole (107)]. The He-I and He-II spectra have been obtained and satisfactorily interpreted by means of ab initio LCGO calculations (78JST(43)33, 78JST(43)203). The PE spectra support the conclusion (Section 4.04.1.5.1) that the 1//-tautomer is by far the more stable. X-Ray photoelectron spectra of some pyrazole and pyrazoline derivatives have been reported (83MI40400). 

However, the Summary and Conclusions section is more revealing ... 

In this section, two types of data are briefly summarized 1) environmental transport and persistence, and (2) monitoring. The discussion Is chemical specific. Some Interesting concepts relevant to some of the chemical characteristics are developed later In the Discussion section. Results from this section are also used In the Conclusion section to derive some generalizations about pesticides leaching to ground water. 

With these issues in mind, let s examine the Discussion sections of our three hypothetical posters. Each section is divided into two parts Discussion and Conclusions. Excerpt 91 uses a bulleted list to present the discussion points excerpts 9H and 9J use a paragraph format. Both styles are common and illustrate that there is no one right way to present information. Excerpt 9J also includes a scheme, which is common in posters that present a synthesis. In all three excerpts, the Conclusions sections comprise one or two sentences and are written without bullets. 

Jot down ideas about why your research area is important. Think of at least three ideas on your own, and then augment your list with ideas suggested in the literature. Is it a growing area of interest What benefit(s) or new knowledge will your research area provide (Search for these ideas in the Introduction and Conclusions sections of journal articles.)... 

Move 3 concludes the proposal and focuses on the project s broader impacts, allowing investigators one more chance to stress the importance of the work. The Outcomes and Impacts section, like the Conclusions section in a journal article, broadens its scope to address a scientific, rather than an expert, audience. 

Before starting with the Conclusions section we must point out that we have made all the calculations using the Cl symmetry, even if the local symmetry is higher than that for H2O and CH4 molecules, and it may be exploited in this kind of calculation. We made that choice, not symmetry at all, because we had to check the computational implementation of the cr afr quantities. We are preparing a next manuscript for a large set of molecules employing the higher-local symmetry for each of them... 

Conclusions. The conclusions section simply captures the overall results of the activity. This section is typically completed by the executor or by someone who is technically capable of reviewing the effort and rendering conclusions. It should be concise and to the point, since the data are attached. What exactly do the data tell the audience Was the activity a success If not, why not These are some of the questions that should be answered in the conclusions. 

As stated earlier, the conclusions capture the overall results of the activity. The conclusions section should be concise. This section is lifted from the body of validation summary and copied onto the cover page. 

In contrast to the steady-state case treated by Ung and Doherty [41], additional dynamic phenomena may arise for variable flow rates, as will be discussed in the conclusion section. 

The results and conclusions sections of a manuscript should be placed within the context of the research area. What was known before the research being presented What has this research contributed that is new and significant It should also be clear what conclusions are based on the work presented and which are speculations. It is appropriate to speculate—in fact, this is a stimulus to the field—as long as speculations are labeled as such. In this regard, the values and judgments of the authors and current thinking appropriately come into play. 

The purpose of the conclusions section is to put the interpretation into the context of the original problem. Do not repeat discussion points or include irrelevant material. Conclusions should be based on the evidence presented. 

The European Commission risk assessment reports for the diphenylethers Penta (European Commission 2001), Octa (European Commission 2003b), and Deca (European Commission 2002 and 2004) were used to identify examples of scientific uncertainties in the risk assessment process for potential PBT/vPvB substances. A systematic search for indicators of scientific uncertainty in these documents was performed, including how these uncertainties are described and handled in the risk characterization and in the conclusions section, and taking into consideration the use of and weight given to non-standard data in the final conclusions. 

Water sorption isotherms for hep show marked hysteresis. Powers and Brownyard (P20) found that, while it was difficult to obtain reproducible desorption curves, the low-pressure part of the water vapour resorption curve varied little with w/c ratio, between different Portland cements, or, if allowance was made for the contents of unreacted cement, with the degree of hydration. This was their main direct evidence for the conclusion (Section 8.2.1) that the properties of the hydration product considered in their model were essentially independent of these variables. However, the water sorption iostherms obtained by different investigators have varied considerably (e.g. Refs P20 and S79), and it is not clear to what extent the above conclusion would stand had different desorption conditions been used. 

AOpiionsJor, diCcu siTig(data"-tW ma - njptibjftI variants pf-thg eneral stryc ute includ combining Results and - f Discussion into a single-section and. C adding a separate conclusions section, r .. r T -- --... 

We have repeated these calculations based on our ellipse of revolution model (see table 1), and find that the surface area is now practically invariant, i.e., it is almost insensitive to chain length, as expected. We may note, too, that in Tanford s calculations, the surface areas were calculated at a distance of about 3 A from the surface of the hydrophobic core, whereas in our calculations the surface areas were calculated at the surface of the hydrophobic core. This is consistent with our earlier conclusion (section 3) that it is at this interface that the surface area per amphiphile ao should be... 

The obtained KBIs were used to calculate the excesses (or deficits) from eq 8, and the Zimm excesses (or deficits) ANij = CiGij). The results of these calculations are plotted in Figures 2A and 3A. They demonstrate that toluene is in excess around both (toluene and polystyrene) central molecules. The excesses (or deficits) from eq 8 and the Zimm excesses (or deficits) ANy = CiGij) will be compared in the Discussion and Conclusion Section of the article. 

The purpose of this entry is to provide an introduction to the morphology of porous media, the behavior of fluids in porous media, and modeling techniques. While selected equations are presented, the emphasis is on phenomenological behavior, the aim being to give the reader a basic foundation in the physics of transport before a more detailed study might be undertaken. Many important topics have been omitted due to space constraints see the Conclusions section for recommended texts on these topics. 

The overall objective of this and a companion paper (22) is to define the extent to which board formaldehyde emission is controlled by resin hydrolysis or other processes. In the companion paper I have critically reviewed the literature and presented original Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) data in three related aspects of the formaldehyde emission phenomenon the chemistry of and formaldehyde liberation from formaldehyde-urea and formaldehyde-phenol states the chemistry of and formaldehyde liberation from formaldehyde-cellulose and resin-cellulose states and our knowledge of the board emission mechanism derived from actual board and wood systems. Whereas my oral presentation at the American Chemical Society (ACS) Symposium made use of information from all three of those parts, this written paper, in the interest of saving space, is limited to literature and FPL data dealing with actual wood-containing systems. The Conclusions section of this paper, however, makes use of the results from all three parts of the companion paper. Experimental details of the... 

In order to construct a solid theoretical body concerning QSM, a set of rules which are referred to here as the Mendeleev Postulates are described. They are listed at the end of this paper in the Conclusions Section. 

In its summary and conclusions section, Sweden s contribution also emphasized the speed of change ... 

In this chapter, coherent low-frequency motions and their role in hydrogen bond dynamics and hydrogen transfer are discussed. In Section 15.2, the basic vibrational excitations and couplings in a hydrogen bond are introduced. Recent results on coherent low-frequency motions of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the electronic ground state are presented in Section 15.3. The role of low-frequency motions in excited state intramolecular hydrogen transfer is addressed in Section 15.4, followed by some conclusions (Section 15.5). 

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