Bulleted lists

The intent of this book is to present the material in a manner as clear and concise as possible. Study objectives are provided at the beginning of each chapter to help students focus on important principles and mechanisms. Whenever possible, information is provided in the form of bulleted lists, tables, figures, or flow charts. Finally, subsections of pharmacy applications separate from the text serve to relate a given concept in physiology to the practice of pharmacy. 

Differences are apparent in the second move as well. Both the poster and journal article signal the second move with subheadings, but in the poster, the procedures are presented in bulleted lists of sentences or phrases. Such lists, which could also be numbered, are common in posters. Essential details are presented, specifically those that are needed to understand the rest of the poster. In this case, we chose to highlight a few details about the saponification and extraction procedures. Note, however, that we did not include operating parameters for the GC-electron capture or GC/MS-MS instruments (other than the vendors and model numbers). In a poster, such parameters are optional they may be included, but they are not required. Also, in a poster (but not a journal article), the parameters can be listed in phrases rather than in complete sentences. An illustrative sketch, diagram, or photograph of the SPME holder, fiber, or extraction setup would also be appropriate to include at this point. Finally, if any numerical methods have been used, they should be mentioned in an additional bullet. 

Bulleted or numerical lists Lists are common in posters. It is customary to capitalize the first letter of the first word in a bulleted list if the list contains full sentences ending with periods lowercase is preferred for lists of phrases or fragments (not ending with periods). When possible, use the same types of lists (bulleted or numbered) throughout your poster. (See comments on parallelism below for related issues.)... 

Parallelism Parallel language should be used in bulleted lists in poster Methods sections and elsewhere. Not only is parallelism grammatically correct, but its repetitive pattern also helps viewers comprehend poster information more quickly. Pay particular attention to parallel subheadings and lists ... 

Consider the following excerpts taken from experimental sections of Journal articles. Convert each procedure into a single item or a bulleted list of items that would be appropriate for a poster Methods section. Omit information that would not be included in a poster. 

Consult figure 9.2 to review the moves that make up the Methods section of a poster. After you have decided what to include (and what to exclude), write the Methods section of your poster. Remember that past tense is preferred and that bulleted lists (with parallel language) are common. Use standard formatting, number, and abbreviation conventions at first convert to abbreviated formats if space is tight. Consider adding a photograph or illustration to your Methods section. 

Next, write the text that will accompany the graphics. Consider using a bulleted list of short sentences. Remember to refer readers to appropriate graphics and to adhere to conventions for the use of present and past tense. 

With these issues in mind, let s examine the Discussion sections of our three hypothetical posters. Each section is divided into two parts Discussion and Conclusions. Excerpt 91 uses a bulleted list to present the discussion points excerpts 9H and 9J use a paragraph format. Both styles are common and illustrate that there is no one right way to present information. Excerpt 9J also includes a scheme, which is common in posters that present a synthesis. In all three excerpts, the Conclusions sections comprise one or two sentences and are written without bullets. 

In what sections of a poster are incomplete sentences appropriate When should they not be used In what sections are bulleted lists appropriate ... 

Audience, conciseness, and fluency Verify that your poster addresses the correct audience. Is your poster crisp and uncluttered, leaving out unnecessary details Could some of the content be presented in a bulleted list of phrases rather than in complete sentences ... 

Check the Chapter Checkout bulleted list at the beginning of each chapter. 

Bold text highlights keywords within a bulleted list. 

In 2007, the DART committee held a workshop on alternative assays, which was followed up by a workshop held at the European Teratology Society Annual Meeting in 2009. These workshops focused on three alternative assays (1) whole embryo culture (WEC), (2) mouse embryonic stem cell tests (mESC), and (3) zebrafish. Each assay was presented and data from users were shared, and strengths and limitations were discussed. It should be noted that the WEC and mESC are validated by ECVAM as alternative embryotoxicity assays. Still, there are numerous research needs before even validated tests can achieve regulatory acceptance. The discussions, conclusions, and recommendations of the 2007 workshop were published by Chapin et al. (14). Bullet lists of next steps to move forward were defined for each assay (14) and are briefly summarized here ... 

Decide whether or not to use bulleted lists within the various resume sections. 

Bulleted lists are easy on the eye. They highlight each important piece of information in your resume."... 

Because e-mail, faxes, and other written correspondence have become the primary methods of communication in today s business world, many employers rely on the cover letter to evaluate a candidate s ability to communicate in writing. Virtually all employers put great value on an applicant with strong written and oral communication skills. After all, a resume is typically a series of bulleted lists and short sentences, but a cover letter represents an actual writing sample. 

Within your cover letter, it s acceptable to use bulleted points to emphasize key facts, skills, or elements of your work history. Using bulleted lists eliminates the need for long paragraphs of text and can make your cover letters easier to read. 

Instead of using long paragraphs to describe past work experience, consider using a bulleted list. Most employers spend... 

A terrific way to give road maps or otherwise help organize a piece of writing is by using the numbered or bulleted list. The list clearly announces the forthcoming structure, thereby alerting the reader to coming attractions. The list has two benefits ... 

Choose quickly which claim you will address. The more time you have to formulate your position, choose your evidence, and write and revise your essay, the better it will be. For guiding questions to help you present and support a well-developed position, see the bulleted list on page 47. 

It was noted in the previous section that studies with positive findings are more likely to be published in English language journals. The first criterion in the bulleted list just presented therefore gives articles with positive findings a better chance of capture in the computer search process and, therefore, inclusion in the systematic review or meta-analysis. The fact that studies with positive results are more likely to be published in more than one journal (noted in the previous section) also gives these articles a better chance of capture in the computer search process and inclusion in the systematic review or meta-analysis. 

Tiering is often applied in risk assessment in order to reduce expenditures in time, money, and labor when the assessment requires only simple and possibly conservative output. Table 5.3 provides a suggested tiered approach in mixture extrapolation and is further described in the bulleted list below. The tiering is based on the way that mixture mechanisms are addressed in the approach. It is assumed that issues such as matrix and media extrapolation have been addressed according to the methods described in the pertinent chapters. 

Here there is a great deal of variability, and your own situation will determine how much is needed and what detail is warranted. The experimental method may be a major, or even the main, point of the poster and require some elaboration of procedure, schematics of the apparatus, and so forth. Absolutely to be avoided, however, is a report of the type that would go in the experimental section of a formal paper, dissertation, or report. Use bulleted lists of procedures sketches, figures, diagrams, or photos of equipment and a listing of conditions. Essentials should be given, but not detail. 

Figure 1. A bulleted list the rule of sixes. Notice the simplicity of this visual aid and the boldness of the print.

Information on how to contact us for technical support (immediately below this bulleted list)... 

Bulleted lists, tables, and illustrations for quick review... 

The model order cross-references the exemptions at 40 C.ER. 720.30(h), which includes impurities and the remaining items in this bulleted list. 

Bulleted lists may be included and should look like this ... 

List instructions singly. Avoid implied instructions. Use bulleted lists. 

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