Computer rooms detection systems

Smoke detectors are primarily used where smoldering fires can be expected and where electrical equipment is located indoors. Examples of their use are in offices and sleeping quarters, computer rooms, control rooms, electrical switchgear rooms, etc. Their response is typically faster than that of heat detection devices. Smoke detectors are more susceptible to false alarms and usually multiple detectors are required to be in alarm before an extinguishing system is activated. 

CCTV technology is used to analyze digital images and identify the characteristics of a fire. CCTV can provide both a control action and display the picture in a staffed control room. The latter has a particular benefit as it allows very rapid incident assessment and also reduces the need for personnel to enter the area to investigate the fire conditions. In general terms, the CCTV flame detection system is comprised of three basic components the camera/detection element, the control panel, and the display computers. 

An approved smoke detection system should be provided throughout the computer equipment room(s) and record storage spaces, with alarms locally and to another constantly attended location. The smoke detection system can be used to actuate the fire protection system. 

If a sprinkler system is installed in a computer room or similar area, provisions must be made to automatically de-energize all electrical power to the room and equipment, except power to lighting, in the event of sprinkler operation. Ensure that de-energizing activity leads to a fail-safe condition. Preferably, this should take place prior to water application to minimize damage to exposed electronic circuits. This can be accomplished automatically by smoke detection systems. Manual activation is tolerable for constantly attended locations. Where automatic sprinklers are installed in areas containing minimal combustibles as described above, a sprinkler density of 0.10 gpm/ft (0.38 Ipm/m ) should be provided. Refer to NPEA 75. 

A modular power center, commonly found in computer-room installations, provides a comprehensive solution to AC power-distribution and ground-noise considerations. Such equipment is available from several manufacturers, with various options and features. A computer power-distribution center generally includes an isolation transformer designed for noise suppression, distribution circuit breakers, power-supply cables, and a status-monitoring unit. The system concept is shown in Fig. 10.268. Input power is fed to an isolation transformer with primary taps to match the AC voltage required at the facility. A bank of circuit breakers is included in the chassis, and individual preassembled and terminated cables supply AC power to the various loads. A status-monitoring circuit signals the operator if any condition is detected outside normal parameters. 

Due to the historical emphasis on fire prevention versus fire protection, few automatic fire suppression and detection systems are present in the reactor building. There are several Halon suppression systems for the diesel buildings and select computer rooms. Manual fire suppression for the reactor building is provided by way of portable fire extinguishers and limited capacity water hoses. The manual suppression capability and other measures are utilized by a combined response of area fire support teams and the Savannah River Site Fire Department. 

Here is how SAL works Samples are received in a reception and storage room, then routed to the appropriate wet chemical analysis laboratory. There, they are analysed for uranium, thorium or plutonium content, and purified aliquots (portions of the sample) are prepared for the isotopic analysis of three elements. Isotopic analyses are performed routinely by mass spectrometry, and radiometric techniques are used for back-up. Emission spectrography serves to detect the presence of impurities which could interfere with the measurements and thus distort the results of the chemical and isotopic analysis of uranium, thorium and plutonium. Complex calculations and quality checks are performed on minicomputers, which are connected in a network to a central laboratory mini-computer. A central laboratory data system stores and provides analytical reports and enables the quality of the analyses and the status of the flow of samples through the laboratory at any time to be monitored. 

Simple systems such as pendant alarms are under the control of the user. However, it is possible to monitor a person s activities in a home by a great variety of means. For example, sensors can detect the use of doors, chairs or beds and can even distinguish different types of motion around a room. Video and sound monitoring may supplement such sensors. All of this data can be stored or sent directly for assessment at another location. If a person leaves their home, inexpensive global positioning systems (GPS) can monitor their movements and allow their tracking on a personal computer. Such lifestyle and location monitoring may be used in the care of vulnerable persons, such as those with dementia. 

The rate of reaction (4) has been estimated from computer models of complex systems. Thus, a rate constant of k(349 K) = 7xio cm mor - s was obtained in NH3 pulse radiolysis experiments [31]. A direct measurement in a flow reactor, in which NH and NH2 were detected by LMR and LIF, yielded the rate constant k(296 K) = (8 3) x 10 cm mol" s" [32]. At high temperatures (2200reflected shock waves. A rate constant of k(2500 K) = 3xio cm mor s" was obtained from the best fit of measured and calculated concentration profiles [12]. A temperature dependence of was concluded from the fact that reaction (4) is a radical-radical reaction [12]. The measured room-temperature value is consistent with this small negative temperature dependence. Besides the recombination NH + NH2 + M N2H3 + M, four exothermic reaction pathways are possible (N2H + H2, N2 + H + H2, N2H2 + H, and NH3 + N) as discussed in [32]. 

All modern X-ray fluorescence systems are computer controlled and equipped with automatic sample changers. Different matrix correction models are included in the data evaluation software, and further developments on expert systems will reduce manual calibration work. With WDXRF, the detectability of light elements (down to Be) will be optimized, e.g. by using X-ray tubes and detectors with ultrathin windows and widely spaced (focusing) analyser crystals. In EDXRF, trends are for miniaturization, development and optimization of high-resolution room temperature detectors and extension of the application range towards the determination of light elements. 

The amperometric measurements were carried out with a computer aided Electrochemical Measuring System ECM 700 from the Academy of Sciences of the GDR. A potential of +400 mV vs SCE for H2Q detection and of +100 mV for BQ reduction was applied at the enzyme electrode. Hexacyanoferrate(III) reduction was monitored at +150 mV. The electrodes were inserted into a measuring cell containing 2 ml of stirred buffer at room temperature. 

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