Computational generalization

In this approach, continuously varying quantities are computed, generally as a function of time as some process, such as casting or mechanical working, proceeds, by discretising them in small regions, the finite elements of the title. The more... 

Every accelerometer has a response curve of the type shown schematically in Figure 4-222. Instead of having an ideal linear response, a nonlinear response is generally obtained with a skewed acceleration for zero current, a scale factor error and a nonlinearity error. In addition, the skew and the errors vary with temperature. If the skew and all the errors are small or compensated in the accelerometer s electronic circuits, the signal read is an ideal response and can be used directly to calculate the borehole inclination. If not, modeling must be resorted to, i.e., making a correction with a computer, generally placed at the surface, to find the ideal response. This correction takes account of the skew,... 

Conrad, K. (2002). Computable general equilibrium models in environmental and resource economics. In The International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics 2002/2003, ed. Tietenberg, T. and Folmer, H. Cheltenham Edward Elgar, pp. 66-114. 

Compressed-air energy storage Corporate average fuel economy California Air Resources Board Coal-bed methane Combined cycle gas turbine Carbon/carbon dioxide capture and storage Clean development mechanism Chlorofluorocarbon Computable general equilibrium Compressed gaseous hydrogen Combined heat and power... 

The concentration of all automation functions within a single computer (Section 7.19.1) may be possible for a very simple plant, but this type of configuration is inefficient for more complex processes for which there could be many thousands of connections between plant and computer. Currently, small industrial processes are controlled by a hierarchical architecture consisting of a central computer (usually a minicomputer), which is used to solve central automation problems, together with a series of peripheral computers (generally microprocessors which are called front-end computers) which control different sections of the plant (Fig. 7.104a). This type of architecture is termed a decentralised computer system. 

If you ask farmers what is the most valuable tool in their toolbox, the answer is almost always "Duct tape." It is said that anything can be fixed with enough duct tape. Unfortunately, computers generally are not easily fixed with duct tape. 

Depending on the conditions (temperature and pressure) and the complexity and accuracy required for the computations, generalized correlations for gases or analytical equations of state can be used to compute the gas compressibilities and the subsequent molar volumes. 

Computational Errors. Errors in computation can be attributed to two specific circumstances convergence criteria and improper selection of parametric equations. Most geochemical codes require that mass balance and mass action equations be solved to obtain an acceptable mathematical model of the aqueous solution. Minimal error can be attributed to the mathematical formulation of the equation solvers, because such narrow convergence criteria are used in the matrix inversion or iterative solution algorithms. Numerical dispersion or out of bounds computations generally do not occur unless phase boundaries are exceeded. 

The latter connection is important for the mathematical justification [5] of CMD (cf. Section III.B.l) and for one particular CMD-based approach [4,5] for computing general time correlation functions (cf. Section III.B.3). 

Bohringer, C., Loschel, A., 2005, Climate policy beyond Kyoto quo vadis A computable general equilibrium analysis based on expert judgements, Kyklos 58(4), 467-493. 

The scribe records the team discussion, usually using special software on a laptop computer. Generally the scribe is a full member of the team and is expected to participate in the discussions. In many cases, the scribe is fuUy qualified to lead hence he and the leader may switch roles every so often. On other occasions, the leader may be forced to accept someone such as a secretary who has lesser technical qualifications. 

Madlener and Myles [34] in their work have systemized socioeconomic impacts according to four different dimensions social aspects, macro level, the supply side, and the demand side, using the Austrian Biomass Model based on a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. 

H Physical DD Quantum H Computational General D Organic G Biological 8 others... 

The average mid-range personal computer generally contains between 50 ICs and 75 ICs (chips). A chip combines the functions of discrete electronic devices, such as vacuum tubes, resistors and capacitors, and performs complicated electronic functions in a fraction of a second [7]. The most complex chip is the microprocessor, which executes a stream of instructions that operate on data. The microprocessor has direct access to an array of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips, where instructions and data are temporarily stored for execution. A state of the art PC might have 8 DRAM chips, each capable of storing 8,388,608 bytes (64 megabits) of data. In addition to the microprocessor and DRAMs, there are many other kinds of chips that perform such tasks as amplification, synchronisation and communication. 

Detailed parameter measurements made in the SE included determinations of the thermal-neutron distributions in terms of subcadmium foil activation thermal-neutron temperatures in terms of Lu/l/v activity ratios epithermal-neutron fractions in terms of Th capture and u fission cadmium ratios U production in terms of neutron captures in Th and lattice fissions in terms of the Th/ U fission ratios. The HAMMER computations generally agreed with the intracell activation profiles. The spectral index measurements agreed poorly because the computations overestimated the spectral index in all coolants. 

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