Computer control room

Installation of electric wiring as well as mechanical and plumbing fixtures is done at the appropriate workstations. A maintenance shop and a computer control room are located at the beginning of the main assembly line while engineering and administrative offices will be located at the end of the line. 

A control room readout of molecular weight or, more correctly, a control room computer readout of molecular weight coming in at real time is currently available for the newer computer controlled plants. 

Instrument Power - Instrument power failures are evaluated on a basis similar to that described for a power failure. Included in the normal considerations for PR sizing should be the failure of power supply to all instruments in and controlled from a single bus bar. Reliability feahires should include secondary selective power supply to control rooms, with emergency generator or battery backup for critical instruments and control computers. Critical controls should be able to continue operation independently of control computers. 

The VDUs (visual display units) in both control rooms were under-utilized for response to and control of abnormal events, in comparison to other industries. The control room computer had the capability to give the technicians considerable flexibility and power in controlling both productivity and safety factors offshore. However, this power was not utilized. 

In many applications, especially where process plant is concerned, the measurement information is required to be conveyed to a central point, which may be a control room manned by operators or a computer which carries out the control functions automatically. The connecting link between the various measurement points and the central control is usually a telemetry system, although in some cases the distances involved are so large that radio links need to be used. 

The development of electronic and/or computer controls made it possible to control several process units from a centralized control center, leading to continued concentration of equipment and personnel in control rooms. 

Another area of concern, which has been alluded to before, is that when the computer acts like Big Brother the operator will become less familiar with the process. Then should something go wrong, he will be slower and less able to cope with an emergency. Huters16 suggests that this can be corrected by proper signals and displays within the control room. This of course means an increase in costs. 

The most utilized and reliable process control in the petrofeum and related industries is human observation and surveillance. Local pressure and level gages along with control room instrumentation are provided so that human observation and actions can occur to maintain the proper process conditions. First stage process alarms are provided to alert operators to conditions that they may not have already noticed. Typically when secondary alarm stages are reached, computer control systems employed to automatically implement remedial actions to the process. 

Importance. The control room is the major interface with the plant. Automation is increasingly common in all degrees of sophistication, Irom single-loop systems to computer-control systems. 

The sensor, transmitter, and control valve are physically located on the process equipment ( in the field ). The controller is usually located on a panel or in a computer in a control room that is some distance from the process equipment. Wires connect the two locations, carrying current signals from transmitters to the controller and from the controller to the final control element. 

Also located in the control room is the manual-automatic switching hardware (or software). During start-up or under abnormal conditions, the plant operator may want to be able to set the position of the control valve himself instead of having the controller position it. A switch is usually provided on the control panel or in the computer system as sketched in Fig. 7.2. In the manual position the operator can stroke the valve by changing a knob (a pressure regula-... 

Typical control room with computer control. (Courtesy of Honeywell.)... 

Control room, computer room, or combined control/computer room from adjacent areas... 

Smoke detectors are primarily used where smoldering fires can be expected and where electrical equipment is located indoors. Examples of their use are in offices and sleeping quarters, computer rooms, control rooms, electrical switchgear rooms, etc. Their response is typically faster than that of heat detection devices. Smoke detectors are more susceptible to false alarms and usually multiple detectors are required to be in alarm before an extinguishing system is activated. 

CCTV technology is used to analyze digital images and identify the characteristics of a fire. CCTV can provide both a control action and display the picture in a staffed control room. The latter has a particular benefit as it allows very rapid incident assessment and also reduces the need for personnel to enter the area to investigate the fire conditions. In general terms, the CCTV flame detection system is comprised of three basic components the camera/detection element, the control panel, and the display computers. 

Separate rooms should be provided for I/O wiring panels, the process distributed control computer hardware and related systems. Motor Control Centers (MCC), UPS, and battery rooms. A minimum 1-hour fire-rated partition wall should be provided to ensure isolation of I/O and MCC areas from control rooms. 

The lg control for the STS-51F experiment was conducted post-flight at NASA KSC Life Support Facilities. The loaded PGU s were connected to ground support equipment located in a computer-controlled environmental room. The temperature of the room was maintained such that the PGU s were able to maintain PGC temperature profiles similar to those of flight. The flight time profile also was simulated in the control experiment. 

Figure shows the choke control loop in detail. The position choke controller, ZIC, is located in the GC control room at Skid 7 and can be operated in the remote mode, i.e. under the control of the HOC computer, or in the local mode in which case the GC operator enters a setpoint value and the controller drives the choke to the proper position. Estimates based on both the pressure and choke relationship are available to the MOC operator on CRT displays. 

ERM methods give a direct measure of metal penetration but can be of low accuracy, especially in slow-moving cooling systems, thus requiring long periods of measurement. As a result, for most systems the probes are permanently installed and the multichannel monitor transmits data directly to a control room computer, although hand-held equipment has become available in recent years. 

It should also be noted that this reactor has to occupy space in the clean room, and is not operated under computer control. For application to modern fab lines, these are two disadvantages of this system. 

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