Composite steel-concrete construction

A potential structural application of epoxy resin adhesives in bridge construction is to use them to form the necessary shear connection between steel girders and the concrete deck slab in composite bridges, in place of conventional welded mechanical fasteners. There are three ways in which bonded shear connections between steel and concrete might be achieved. 

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Among the ten EN-Eurocodes, two cover the basis of structural design and the loadings ( actions ), one deals with geotechnical and fotmdation design, while five cover aspects specific to concrete, steel, composite (steel-concrete), timber, masonry, or aluminum construction. Instead of distributing the seismic design aspects to the EN-Eurocodes on... 

Nie J.G., Qin K. and Cai C.S. 2008. Seismic behavior of connections composed of CFSSTCs and steel-concrete composite beams-experimental study. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 64(10) 1178-1191. 

Requirements of the adhesive. A full compliance spectrum for steel/concrete bonding has been published by the authors(18) and is reproduced as an Appendix at the end of the book. The purpose of the adhesive is to produce a continuous bond between steel and concrete to ensure that full composite action is developed by the transfer of shear stress across the thickness of the adhesive layer. Experience has shown that the best chance of success is likely to be achieved by using cold-cure epoxy based adhesives which have been specially developed for use in the construction industry. Provided that the surfaces have been prepared properly, these bond well to both steel and concrete and do not suffer shrinkage and cracking problems such as may occur with other systems like polyesters. For these purposes a cold-cure adhesive is defined as one which is capable of curing to the required strength between the... 

The purpose of the above is to specify requirements for a cold-cure adhesive to permit either the repair or strengthening of existing concrete structures by bonding on additional external steel plate reinforcement, or the construction of steel/concrete composite units in which wet concrete is poured on to steel freshly coated with a layer of adhesive. In both cases the adhesive serves to resist the interfacial shear stresses necessary to ensure structural composite action between the steel and concrete. For these purposes a cold-cure adhesive is defined as one which is capable of curing to the required strength between the temperatures of 10 °C and 30 °C. 

Mays, G.C. and Vardy, A.E. Adhesive bonded steel-concrete composite construction. International Journal of Adhesion Adhesives, 2, No 2, April 1982, pp. 103-7. 

A steel-conerete composite slab is newly available in construetion, of which concrete is placed in a steel mold that eonsists of steel side plates, top reinforcing bars and transverse ribs, and stud-planted bottom steel plates. Configuration of one t) e slab is shown Fig. 13.21. Compared with a reinforced concrete slab, this slab is expeeted to bear a large load- capacity and to have good enduranee. Although these eharacteristics are favorable for bridge construction, visual inspection is very difficult in particular, for concrete and its interfaee with steel plate. As a result, effective inspee-tion techniques for steel-concrete eomposite slabs are in demand and under development. 

In the last two decades, there has been an increasing effort to migrate reinforced polymer composites into the construction industry for structural load-bearing applications where they have established themselves as a viable and competitive alternative for rehabilitation and retrofit of existing civil structures, as a replacement for steel in reinforced concrete and, to a lesser extent, for entirely new civil structures. There are many reasons to consider fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in civil engineering applications. This section is intended to provide a brief summary of these reasons along with the issues that have slowed down a widespread acceptance of these composites in the construction sector. 

Marine Structures (0951-8339). This journal aims to provide a medium for presentation and discussion of the latest developments in research, design, fabrication, and in-service experience relating to marine structures, i.e., all structures of steel, concrete, light alloy or composite construction having an interface with the sea, including ships, fixed and mobile offshore platforms, snhmarine and submersibles, pipelines, subsea systans for shallow and deep ocean operations, and coastal structures such as piers. 

Vayas I, Iliopoulos A, Adamakos T (2010) Spatial systems fOT modelling steel-concrete composite bridges - comparison of grillage systems and FE models. Steel Construct Des Res 3 100-11... 

Zhao H, Yuan Y, Ye Y (2012) Simplified nonlinear simulation of steel-concrete composite beams. J Construct Steel Res 71 83-91... 

The effective width of the concrete slab is chosen using the recommendations of C.P. 110 Part 1 1972 The Structural Use of Concrete and is the smaller of the beam spacing or 20% of the span which is 1.8 m. The stage 1 or construction loads to be taken by the steel beam alone are due to the weight of the wet concrete slab and the self weight of the steel beam. (It is assumed for the purposes of the example that the weight of falsework etc., is included in the slab dead load.) The stage 2 loads include all the loads to be taken by the composite section and consist in this case of all finishes and imposed load. 

The EUROCOMP Handbook is not intended to be a text book and hence topics are only covered in sufficient depth for the designer to understand the materials, their properties and their behaviour in a structure. It is assumed that the user of the EUROCOMP Design Code is familiar with the process of design using conventional construction materials such as concrete and steel. Thus the EUROCOMP Background Document attempts to highlight those areas in which the properties of polymeric composites differ from those of conventional materials. 

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