Communication Compliance

Accountability Assessment Behavior Checklists Communicate Compliance Controls Evaluation Facts Feedback Findings Frequency Goals Improvement Methodology Noncompliance Objectives Parameters Performance Plan Questions Ranking Recommendations Report Teams Tracking program. 

Klein, Lawrence R. Hazard Communication. Compliance Magazine. April 1996, pp. 12-15. 

Harmonised standards are technical specifications adopted by one of the European standards organisations following a mandate issued by the European Commission on which Member States were consulted. When published by the Commission in the Official Journal of the European Communities, the hamionised standards give presumption of confomiity to the essential requirements they specify. This means that manufacturers applying these standards do not have to demonstrate the compliance of the manufactured products with the relevant requirements of the directive. 

Table 2 Hsts some of the physical, toxicity, flammabiUty, and reactivity properties of common chemicals (10,13,42,45—51). Also given are some of the quantities specified for reporting spills and for compliance with legislated requirements. The OSHA regulations require that material safety data sheets (MSDS) be developed for all process materials, so that the ha2ard data can be communicated to employees (52). Characteristics of toxicity, flammabiUty, chemical iastabiUty, reactivity and reaction energy, operatiag coaditioas, and corrosive properties of constmction materials must all be considered ia analy2iag ha2ard poteatials of chemicals and chemical operations.

Martin, Robert Harmonic Currents, Compliance Engineering—1999 Annual Resources Guide, Cannon Communications, EEC, 103-107. 

Today resource limitations have caused the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to reassess schedules for new rules. A 1987 USEPA survey indicated there were approximately 202,000 public water systems in the United States. About 29 percent of these were community water systems, which serve approximately 90 percent of the population. Of the 58,908 community systems that serve about 226 million people, 51,552 were classified as "small" or "very small." Each of these systems at an average serves a population of fewer than 3300 people. The total population served by these systems is approximately 25 million people. These figures provide us with a magnitude of scale in meeting drinking water demands in the United States. Compliance with drinking water standards is not... 

Section 6607(c) of the Pollution Prevention Act provides enforcement autliority under Title 111 of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (also known as the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act). Civil, administrative, and criminal penalties are autliorized for non-compliance against a facility, USEPA, a Governor, or a SERC. The Act requires USEPA to... 

These checklists may be used to indicate compliance with standard procedures. As indicated above, a checklist is easy to use and can be applied to each stage of a project of plant development. A checklist is a convenient means of communicating die minimal acceptable level of liazard evaluadon diat is required for any Job, regardless of scope. As such, it is particularly useful for an inexperienced engineer to work tlirougli die various requirements in the checklist to reach a satisfactory conclusion. However, a system checklist should be audited and updated regularly. 

Management must institute procedures to assess levels of compliance with agreed standards for safety. Techniques include environmental and/or biological monitoring, health surveillance, safety audits, safety inspections, and procedures for accident reporting, investigation and analysis. Communication is essential, e.g. by provision of information (on specific chemicals, processes, etc.), safety meetings, notices, safety bulletins etc. 

Public confidence in the safely of vaccines and immunization procedures is essential if compliance is to match the needs the community. In this respect public concern and anxiety, in the mid 1970s, over the peroeived safety of pertussis vaccine led to a reduction in coverage of the target group from ca. 80% to ca. 30%. Major epidemics of whooping-cough, with over 100000 notified cases, followed in 1977/1979 and 1981/83. By 1992, public confidence had returned, coverage had increased to 92% and there were only 4091 reported cases. 

Protocol deviations in the processing phase of the study must be reported to the Study Director without delay. The Study Director will determine any potential impact upon the study that would result from the protocol deviation and will advise the PPI how to proceed with the study. Regardless of the form of communication by which the Study Director is notified of the protocol deviation, a formal description of the protocol deviation must be written by the PPI and submitted to the Smdy Director for an assessment of impact on the study. The assessment of impact by the Study Director should address any scientific and GLP compliance issues. A signed copy of the deviation report is included with the raw data notebook. 

Contact with the shoppers was restricted to field phase management study personnel, for two reasons. First, clearly defined lines of communication had to be maintained. Second, in order to ensure that the identity of the stores remained blind (i.e., unknown to everyone downstream from sample collection), in compliance with one of the design criteria, communication with the shoppers had to be restricted. Overall, limiting contact with shoppers to one entity and using modern technology, such as facsimiles and e-mail to facilitate and document communications between shoppers and the collection coordinator, were essential factors in the successful conduct of the sampling phase of the study. 

Thereafter, the primary functions of the study QA specialist fell into two main headings. First, GLP compliance during the collection and documentation of commodity samples had to be assured. This was done via observation of several collections for different shops (collection incidents) at various geographic locations. In these audits, the study QA specialist examined specific items, such as (1) did the shopper follow the written instructions, (2) were the correct types and numbers of samples collected, (3) was the documentation maintained as required, (4) were the samples labeled and packaged correctly, and (5) were the samples delivered to the shipper as required Findings were communicated to study management and used as appropriate in subsequent shops. 

Non-compliance issues appear more prevalent in some non-Western cultures. One study in South Africa revealed non-compliance rates to oral neuroleptics in two-thirds of Black patients and one-half of colored patients compared to only one-quarter of Caucasians (Gillis.Trollip, Jakoet etal., 1987). Cultural and communication factors were considered to be significant barriers apart from those related to cost and social factors. Kinzie et al. (1987) reported that despite prescribing adequate doses of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) to depressed Asian refugees,... 

Ziguras, S. J., Klimidis, S., Lambert, T. J. R. Jackson, A. C. (2001). Determinants of anti-psychotic medication compliance in a multicultural population. Community Ment. Health J., 37(3), 273-83. 

According to EPA s National Compliance Report for calendar year 1996 (EPA 1998g), the vast majority of people in the nation received water from systems that had no reported violations of the maximum contaminant level and treatment technique requirements or significant monitoring and reporting requirements. Lead has a maximum permissible level of 15 pg/L delivered to any user of a public water system. Lead and copper are regulated in a treatment technique that requires systems to take tap water samples at sites with lead pipes or copper pipes that have lead solder and/or are served by lead service lines. The water system is required to take treatment steps if the action level (15 pg/L for lead) is exceeded in more than 10% of tap water samples. For calendar year 1996, nearly 6 million people in the United States were served by community water systems that reported maximum contaminant level and treatment technique violations of the Lead and Copper Rule (EPA 1998g). 

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