Communicable Disease Surveillance

Hepatitis Delta. Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response. World Health Organization, http // www. who.int/ csr/disease/hepatitis/HepatitisD whocdscsrncs200 l l.pdf. Accessed August 29,2005. 

The timely detection of outbreaks at the regional and national level is a priority function of communicable disease surveillance systems. In the process of implementing its IHR [4], WHO included the requirement for member states to maintain an adequate core capacity to detect and respond to significant public health threats. This requires that member states develop effective early-warning systems and strengthen their investigation and response capabilities [24, 25],... 

A program has been developed using public-domain software for relational data entry (EpiData) and production of interactive reports (Epilnfo). It includes features for data entry (with quality checks) at the RPHI level and electronic transfer of records to the NPHI. It provides links with Excel and Word. The application produces a weekly epidemiologic bulletin in Word and allows interactive browsing of tables, charts, and maps in HTML format. The system generates alert reports based on disease-specific thresholds. The communicable diseases surveillance system in the Republic of Macedonia is shown in Fig. 1. 

Currently, biological samples are taken from the patient and delivered to the laboratory for analysis. After identification through culture or diagnostic assay, the results are sent back to the treating facility for use in medical management of the patient. Most communicable disease surveillance systems rely on telephonic or weekly written reports for subsequent transmission of this information to local or state health officials. Even if a suspect atypical pathogen is identified and interested health care staff make special efforts to report, the time lag before the health department knows of the culture may exceed 3 days. 

Communicable Disease Surveillance Center (CDSC) EnglandAVales... 

Communicable Disease Surveillance Center, Public Health Laboratory Service (England). 1978. Smallpox in Birmingham. Brit. Med. J. 2 837. 

Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre Northern Ireland... 

Aavitsland, P. and Nygard, K. (2004) Outbreak of Salmonella Thompson Infections. MSIS - Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases. 

Nolan. C. M. Harris. N. V. Canova. P. M. Skillman. S. M. Cain-Nelson. A. K. Tenover. F. C. Coyle. M. B. Plorde. J. J. Weiss. N. S. Martin. D. C. Surveillance of the Flow of Salmonfilla and Campylobacter in a Community. Prepared for the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. Food and Drug Administration. Bureau of Veterinary Medicine. Contract No. 223-81-7041. Communicable Disease Control Section. Seattle-King County (Washington) Department of Public Health. 1984. 

Surveillance of the Flow of Salmonella and Campylobacter in a Community" Communicable Disease Control Section, Seattle-King County Department of Public Health, Seattle, August, 1984. 

Conduct surveillance activities within the health department as well as in cooperation with in-hospital infection control practitioners to control the spread of communicable disease. 

Surveillance and control of communicable diseases guidelines for public health services in Georgia. Cambridge, MA Abt Associates Inc. 2005. 

Surveillance on EDPs in Georgia was stopped for some period, or minimized after the collapse of the Soviet Union. After Health Care System reform, the State Program of Epidemiological Surveillance and Control of Epidemics, Surveillance, Control and Prevention of Quarantinous, Particularly Dangerous and other Communicable Diseases were launched. 

The Republic of Macedonia has population of about two million people. The territory is divided into 123 municipalities. In 1993, in the framework of the new public health system, one national and 10 RPHIs were established. They adopted a previously established system for routine surveillance for registration and notification of communicable diseases, which included 62 diseases. In 2004, new recommendations for protecting the population from communicable diseases were adopted, and a new obligatory list of 48 diseases was introduced. 

European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance of communicable diseases in the European Union, a long-term strategy 2008-2013. Available at http //www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/ activities/surveillance/Pages/StrategiesPrinciplesLong-termStrategy.aspx. 

Little or no federal funding is provided to state and local health departments to support the surveillance of general communicable diseases. The ability of the states to support infectious disease surveillance has declined in recent years. A 1993 survey indicated that 12 states had no professional position dedicated to surveillance of foodbome and waterborne diseases (Osterholm et al., 1996). Although most states do have some infectious disease surveillance capacity, it is most often supported by categorical (i.e., disease-specific) funds, for example, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, vaccine-preventable diseases, sexually transmitted diseases. These funds generally cannot be used to support noncategorical communicable disease activities. 

Immediately undertake improvements in CDC, state, and local disease and exposure surveillance and epidemiologic investigation infrastructure, and support them on a long-term basis. These improvements must focus on communicable disease epidemiology and laboratory programs and on poison control centers. 

Title>Euro surveillance bulletin europ6en sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin... 

Because of the concern of the paramedics, the emergency physician notifies the local public health officer of the patients with similar symptoms and asks if there is a new kind of flu going around. The health officer checks his health department s online disease surveillance system for information on the latest communicable diseases in the area. He quickly finds that there have been multiple patients with... 

Australian Government Department of Health. 2012. Surveillance Systems Reported in GDI [Communicable Diseases Intelligence], https //www.health.gov.au/intemet/main/publishing. nsf/Content/cda-surveil-surv sys.htm nndss. Accessed on March 1, 2014. 

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