Commercial propane-butane mixtures

Commercial Propane-Butane mixtures are produced to meet particular requirements such as volatility, vapor pressure, specific gravity, hydrocarbon composition, sulfur and its compounds, corrosion of copper, residues, and water content. These mixtures are used as fuels in areas and at times where low ambient temperatures are less frequently encountered. Analysis by gas chromatography is possible (ASTM D-5504, ASTM D-6228, IP 405). 

Commercial VPO of propane—butane mixtures was in operation at Celanese Chemical Co. plants in Texas and/or Canada from the 1940s to the 1970s. The principal primary products were acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, methanol, and acetone. The process was mn at low hydrocarbon conversion (3—10%) and a pressure in excess of 790 kPa (7.8 atm). These operations were discontinued because of various economic factors, mainly the energy-intensive purification system required to separate the complex product streams. 

In addition, liquefied petroleum gas is usually available in different grades (usually specified as Commercial Propane, Commercial Butane, Commercial Propane-Butane (P-B) Mixtures, and Special Duty Propane) (Rawlinson and Ward, 1973). During the use of liquefied petroleum gas, the gas must vaporize completely and bum satisfactorily in the appliance without causing any corrosion or producing any deposits in the system. 

Definition General term for commercial propane, butane, or mixtures can be liquefied at normal temp, by mod. pressure increase, or at normal pressure by cooling occurs naturally in oil or gas fields or obtained from refining petroleum Properties Colorless odorless (normally odorized for leak detection) vapor pressure 593 kPa (20 C) Toxicoiogy Nontoxic but can cause asphyxiation Precaution Flamm. LFL 2.1 vol.%, UFL 9.2 vol.% (15 C, 101 kPa in air) volatile heavier than air... 

Liquefied petroleum gas, such as commercial propane and commercial butane, and any mixtures thereof, when held at a pressure >1.4 bar absolute. 

Cover the storage, handling and use of highly flammable liquids, viz. liquids with a flashpoint <32°C and which support combustion when tested m the prescribed ways. Also cover the manner of storage and the marking of storage accommodation for LPG, viz. commercial propane, commercial butane and any mixture of the two. 

LPG is a mixture of flammable hydrocarbons which are gas at normal temperature hut liquid under pressure or when cooled below the boiling point at atmospheric pressure. Two mixtures are in common use, commercial propane and commercial butane. Large quantities are stored and handled at British Gas Corporation methane terminal, Shell UK Oil, Mobil Oil Co. Ltd, and Calor t ias LiJ The last also fills and handles large numbers of portable LPG cylinders. 

LPG (liquefied PETROLEUM GAs) Petroleum gas stored or processed as a liquid in equilibrium with vapour by refrigeration or pressurization. The two LPGs in general use are commercial propane and commercial butane supplied to product specifications, e.g. BS 4250. (These, or mixtures thereof, comprise LPG for the purpose of the Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquefied Petroleum Gas Regulations 1972.)... 

Enciforming [National Chemical reforming] A petroleum reforming process that converts pyrolysis gasoline to mixtures of propane, butane, and aromatic hydrocarbons, thereby obviating the usual hydrogenation and solvent extraction processes. The catalyst is a ZSM-5-type zeolite containing both iron and a platinum metal. Developed by the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India, since 1988, but not yet commercialized. 

Duosol Process. The Duosol process developed by the Max B. Miller Co. (28) is an outstanding example of commercial adoption of a double solvent extraction process. Patents (27) for this process date from May 1933 and cover numerous aspects of the problem including a variety of paraffinic solvents (ethane, propane, butane, petroleum ether) and naphthenic solvents (wood tar acids, cresols, creosote, and phenol). Present commercial application utilizes propane and Selecto (a mixture of phenol and cresylic acid, normally ranging in composition from 20 to 80% phenol). 

Pure methane, propane, and butane can be easily found from local chemicals suppliers, if the commercial mixtures traded (natural gas, commercial propane, and commercial butane) are not good for some laboratory work. For small lab demonstrations they may also be obtained in situ e.g., methane may be easily produced by means of Al C3(s)+6H20(l) = 3CH (g) + 2Al203(s), or by heating a 50/50 mix of anhydrous sodium acetate and sodium hydroxide, NaOH(s) + NaC H O fs) = CH (g)+Na2C03(s), as did his discoverer, the American Mathews, in 1899. 

In 1987 nonmotor fuel uses of butanes represented ca 16% of the total consumption. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is a mixture of butane and propane, typically in a ratio of 60 40 butane—propane however, the butane content can vary from 100 to 50% and less (see Liquefied petroleum gas). LPG is consumed as fuel in engines and in home, commercial, and industrial appHcations. Increasing amounts of LPG and butanes are used as feedstocks for substitute natural gas (SNG) plants (see Fuels, synthetic). / -Butane, propane, and isobutane are used alone or in mixture as hydrocarbon propellents in aerosols (qv). 

LPG is a mixture of propane and n- and iso-butanes, plus small amounts of their olefinic counterparts. The main sources are natural gas wells, gas from crude oil wells and the cracking of crude oil. The requirements for commercial LPG are defined in national standards and a stenching agent is... 

Commercial Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), is a mixture of the liquefied gases of propane (C3) and butane (C4). It is obtained from natural gas or petroleum. LPG is liquefied for transport and then vaporized for use as a heating fuel, engine fuel or as a feedstock in the petrochemical or chemical industries. It has a flammability range of 1.8% to 10% and the vapor has a density of 1.5 to 2.0 that of... 

Various blends of hydrocarbon propellants that have a range of physical properties suitable for different applications are commercially available, e.g., CAP30 (Calor Gas Ltd.) is a mixture of 11% propane, 29% isobutane, and 60% butane. A-46 (Aeropres) is a commonly used mixture for aerosol foams and consists of about 85% isobutane and 15% propane. The number following the letter denotes the approximate vapor pressure of the blend or mixture. 

The test run used commercially-produced zeolite catalyst, and the unit was a modified, commercial wax hydrofinisher. Charge stock was an LPG mixture of propane/propene/butanes/butenes (62% olefins) from an FCC unit. The test run lasted 70 days and product yields and selectivities were the same as in our smaller pilot plants. 

Butane-Propane (B-P) mixtures Commercial grade liquid B-P mixtures are predominately used as fuels in climates and applications that do not experience low ambient temperatures. 

The most important requirements of a calibration gas are that it is homogeneous, stable and accurate. The most important job of the commercial gas supplier is to provide a calibration gas that meets these needs and the technical support package to validate that claim. At Big Three Specialty Gases, we feel that the UniPhase calibration mixtures meets these needs, and only with the technical UniPhase " DATA VALUES FOR LINEARITY PLOT (GPA 2177-84 (Only normal components plotted) CUSTOMER Natural Gas Calibration Mixture No. Peak Mole. Wt. Amount Area Response x 10000 2 Methane 16.043 45. 101 3582650 0.12589 4 Ethane 30.070 4.659 507744 0.09175 5 Propane 44.097 2.500 325695 0.07677 7 n-Butane 58.124 2.033 307670 0.06609 9 n-Pentane 72.151 1.084 183160 0.05920 10 n-Hexane 86.178 0.105... 

Propane and butane (known most extensively in commercial and popular terms as LP-gas or LPG) have an extremely wide range of domestic, industrial, commercial, agricultural, and internal combustion engine uses. It is estimated that the two gases, unmixed and in mixtures. 

---