Colon cancer imaging

Selective AR agonists are undergoing clinical trials for cardiac arrhythmias and pain (Ai) cardiac imaging and inflammation (A2a) colon cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and dry eye (A3). Selective AR antagonists are either in or advancing toward clinical trials for kidney disorders (Ax) Parkinson s disease (A2a) diabetes and asthma (A2B) cancer and glaucoma (A3). 

Adjuvant chemotherapy is administered after tumor resection to decrease relapse rates and improve survival in patients with colon cancer by eliminating micrometastatic disease that is undetected on imaging studies. Patients diagnosed with stage I colon or rectal cancer usually are cured by surgical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy is not indicated in these patients.16 The role of adjuvant... 

Shimma S, Sugiura Y, Hayasaka T, et al. MALDI-based imaging mass spectrometry revealed abnormal distribution of phospholipids in colon cancer liver metastasis. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2007 855 98-103. 

Hernandez-Blazquez, F. J., Habib, M., Dumollard, J.-M., Barthelemy, C., Benchaib, M., de Capoa, A., and Niveleau, A. 2000. Evaluation of global DNA hypomethylation in human colon cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Gwi47 689-693. 

Radiographic imaging studies evaluate the extent of disease involvement. A chest x-ray should be performed to rule out the presence of metastatic spread to the lungs. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis is often performed to evaluate hepatic and retroperitoneal involvement and occult abdominal and pelvic disease, and to determine the depth of tumor penetration into the bowel wall and/or invasion to adjacent organs. Detection of lymph node involvement with either smdy is limited by the difficulty of distinguishing inflammatory or reactive lymph nodes from those infiltrated with tumor. Because CT scans may not adequately detect peritoneal seeding, small distant lymph node metastasis, or liver metastasis in colon cancer, an occasional patient may... 

Fig. 15.5a,b. Colon cancer with obstruction, a Transverse sonogram of the left mid-abdomen shows thickening of the wall of the descending colon (arrows) in patient with partial obstruction of the colon, b The CT image shows symmetric thickening of the wall of the descending colon (arrow) and dilated small bowel loops... 

Iftimia, N., et al. Fluorescence-guided optical coherence tomography imaging for colon cancer screening a preliminary mouse study. Biomedical Optics Express 3(1), 178-191 (2012)... 

Fig. 10.31. Metastases from colon cancer. Sagittal CT shows a well-delineated mixed cystic and solid ovarian mass (arrow), which abuts the uterus fundus and elevates small bowel loops. No ascites was found in the pelvis or abdomen. In this patient with stage T4 colon cancer, differentiation of metastasis from ovarian cancer is not possible by imaging...

Figure 3.41 shows the result of imaging mass spectrometry-principal component analysis (IMS-PCA) for the colon cancer tissue. In this case, this unsupervised analysis revealed that the largest spectral difference (i.e., the largest difference in metabolite composition) was observed between the normal and the other tissue areas (i.e., normal vs. stroma/cancer area), and the second largest difference was observed between the stroma and normal/cancer area. The overall interpretation of PCA was shown in Table 3.6. 

Fig. 13 An HT29 colon cancer cell incubated with a manganese carbonyl complex, visualised A) by optical imaging, B) Raman imaging of integration range ca. 2800 -3050 cm , C) Raman imaging of integration range 1945 —1965 2 cm , D) is an overlay of B and C, E-G) are cross-sections of the above Raman images. ...

In subsequent TERS studies of human colon cancer cells (cell line HT29) [113], the intention was an imaging of lipid domains (so-called lipid rafts [114]) and proteins on the cell by using automated multivariate data evaluation on a complex surface. The so-called N-FINDR algorithm works most efficiently for TERS data, but certainly other techniques can be applied in a similar fashion. With that technique, a map of the TERS spectra could be created (see Figure 11.13). 

Fig. 7.12a,b. Cj stic metastases from colon cancer. A 70-year-old man with colon cancer, a Portal venous-phase contrast-enhanced CT scan shows a cyst-like, hypoattenuating lesion, without peripheral enhancement, b The arterial phase CT image alone shows a peripheral rim-enhancement, typical of a metastatic lesion. The rapid growth of these metastases leads to cystic degeneration... 

Fig. 19.1a,b. Detection of calcified metastases after chemotherapy unenhanced scan versus contrast-enhanced scan, a Coronal MPR of unenhanced scan shows two calcified lesions in a patient with colon cancer (arrow), b On the portal-venous phase image the two lesions can not he differentiated from adjacent vessels (arrow). At surgery vital metastases were found... 

Endoscopic imaging is an invaluable diagnostic tool allowing minimally invasive access to tissues deep within the body. It has played a key role in screening colon cancer and is credited with preventing deaths through the detection and removal of precancerous polyps. Because of limited depth of penetration associated with most... 

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