Colloidal carbon

A DEA is basically a compliant capacitor where an incompressible, yet highly deformable, dielectric elastomeric material is sandwiched between two complaint electrodes. The electrodes are designed to be able to comply with the deformations of the elastomer and are generally made of a conducting material such as a colloidal carbon in a polymer binder, graphite spray, thickened electrolyte solution, etc. Dielectric elastomer films can be fabricated by conventional... 

Colloidal carbon was formed by the slow pyroloysis of polyvinylidene chloride. Surface oxidation occurs during subsequent storage in air. By heating at elevated temperatures, the following gases are evolvedt (heats of immersion were also measured after the different thermal pretreatments) ... 

Cities Services Company, Columbian Division, Akron, Ohio, USA, Colombian Colloidal Carbons. 

Sodium / -naphthalenesulfonate was chosen as the surface-active electrolyte because its structure is simple and rigid. It does not form micelles, so there is no question as to the species adsorbed on the surface. It is a strong electrolyte and is expected to be essentially completely ionized at saturation coverage. SNS stabilized dispersions flocculate over periods of minutes to months depending on the concentration of SNS. Sterling FTG has a non-polar, non-ionic, hydrophobic surface. The ultimate particles have large, flat, polyhedral surfaces. The particle size distribution of the dry carbon is narrower than that of most colloidal carbons (2). 

The term hard-core RMs is used to describe dispersions containing an excess of colloidal carbonate over that required to neutralize the sulfonic acid. The excess is found in calcium carbonate trapped in a micellar structure. The total base number (TBN) of the additive so obtained is 368 mg KOH/g of oil. The crude additive consisted of 33 wt% CaC03 (Delfort et al., 1995 Giasson et al., 1992). Some typical results of the core particle with the overall diameter and the detergent layer thickness are shown in Table 3.6 (Marsh, 1987). 

We did not succeed in isolating the presumed colloidal carbon from a degraded PVC solution either by electrolysis or by means of an ultracentrifuge. With highly viscous solutions and maximum carbon activity this task would have been a great problem. 

Immobilized HRP on an hybrid formed by colloidal carbon microspheres dispersed in a chitosan solution The immobilized HRP was used in the elaboration of a H202 sensor. The biosensor showed a fine linear correlation with H202 concentration and fast response to H202 at —0.15 V [49]... 

Bacterial pneumonia is induced in rabbits with the intratracheal administration of a bacterial suspension. Bacteria are coadministered with 1% colloidal carbon (Pelikan, Hanover, Germany) to allow visualization of the instilled area at necropsy (16). 

In order to be able to visualize the regions of the lungs instilled with bacteria we have added 1% colloidal carbon to the instillate. We have used Pelikan India Ink (Pelikan, Hanover, Germany) because it does not contain shellac, which is commonly found in other preparations of colloidal carbon. 

Properties Viscous, highly colored oils. Sp. gr. 0.8. B. P. about 200°. Produces colloidal carbon by partial combustion. 

Various manufacturing processes are employed for the production of different gi of carbon black (Medalia and Rivin, 1976). The most important is the oil fur process, in which petroleum residue is subjected to partial combustion and crac in a refractory furnace. Colloidal carbon is produced in the form of a hot smo] small globular particles, which on cooling undergo aggregation to give bran chain-like structures. 

Synthetic carbon precursors are used if a high purity is required. Carbon black is a colloidal carbon consisting of spheres and their fused aggregates synthesized by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons [119]. Carbon blacks can be synthesized... 

PROP A generic term applied to a family of high-purity colloidal carbons commercially produced by carefully controlled pyrolysis of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons. Carbon blacks, including commercial colloidal carbons such as furnace blacks, lampblacks and acetylene blacks, usually contain less than several tenths percent of extractable organic matter and less than one percent ash. IDLH 1750 mg/rn. ... 

PROP Soot is defined as a brown-to-black substance incidentally produced during the incomplete and uncontrolled combustion of any carbonaceous material. It is a mixture of colloidal carbon, organic tars, and refractory inorganics whose composition depends on combustion conditions. It is not unusual for the tarry component to account for more than 50 weight percent of the soot, particularly, when produced by inefficient combustion of coal or wood. Can be distinguished from carbon black on the basis of differences in physical and chemical properties. 

The oil may be evaporated by heat and condensed again in the mr to form small droplets. Such smokes are, however, very unstable owing to the vapor pressure of the oil, which causes it to assume the gaseous state with consequent disappearance of the colloidal carbon particles that constitute the smoke. 

Al-Ali SY, Al-Zuhair AG, Dawod B (1988) Ultrastructural study of phagocytic activities of young astrocytes in injured neonatal rat brain following intracerebral injection of colloidal carbon. Glia 1 211-218. 

Here it would be perhaps more convenient to review the mainstream adsorption literature separately from the relevant subset of the vast electrochemistry literature. Furthermore, some of the key concepts and experimental findings of interest here were first reported in the colloidal (carbon black) stability literature. It is unfortunate that not enough cross-fertilization has yet occurred between these three disciplines, as evidenced by the preponderance of narrowly focused literature citations in the respective publications. One of the objectives of this review is to highlight the connecting points between these disciplines. We thus follow the key developments more or less chronologically, jumping back and forth from one discipline to another. 

In vivo clearance of colloidal carbon, an indicator of phagocyte function of the reticuloendothelial system... 

Zsolnay, A. (1979). Coastal colloidal carbon. A study of its seasonal variation and the possibility of river input. Estuarine Coastal Mar. Sci. 9, 559-567. 

Polymers (1a), (1b), (1d), (3a), (4a) and (5) were tested. Fi gure 3 shows the Endocytic Index (28) measured. The DIVEMA derivatives (1a), (3a) and (4a) Tfave no significant effect on the pinocytosis of 25j pyp (they do not influence the rate of formation of pinocytic vesicles). Polymer (1d) shows marked inhibition of pinocytosis at the highest dose.(This latter finding in vitro corresponds to in vivo results of Breslow et aTi (29)). They found that the removal of colloidal carbon from the blood of test animals is inhibited by high molecular weight DIVEMA). 

Although not so effective as bone char for removal of ash, certain activated carbons do remove appreciable quantities of ash, particularly iron, calcium, alumina, and magnesia.1 This action of carbon appears indirect. Some ash constituents in the untreated liquors are kept in solution by the peptizing action of lyophilic colloids. By adsorbing these protective colloids carbon allows the mineral ash to precipitate and to be mechanically trapped by the carbon. 

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