Coculturing

Awasthi N, Manickam N, Kumar A. 1997. Biodegradation of endosulfan by a bacterial coculture. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 59(6) 928-934. 

Peterson PK, Gekker G, Hu S, Anderson WR, Kravitz F, Portoghese PS (1994) Morphine amplifies HIV-1 expression in chronically infected promonocytes cocultured with human brain cells. J Neuroimmunol 50(2) 167-175... 

One of the organisms fulfills the need for a growth requirement by the other, for example, vitamin requirements of one organism that is provided by the other. Examples are provided by biotin in cocultures of Methylocystis sp. and Xanthobacter sp. (Lidstrom-O Connor et al. 1983), and thiamin in cocultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an undefined Pseudomonas sp. that degraded the phosphonate herbicide glyphosate (Moore et al. 1983). 

Naumann E, H Hippe, G Gottschalk (1983) Betaine new oxidant in the Stickland reaction and methanogen-esis from betaine and L-alanine by a Clostridium sporogenes-Methanosarcina barkeri coculture. Appl Environ Microbiol 45 474-483. 

Sharak Genther BR, GT Townsend, BO Blattmann (1997) Reduction of 3-chlorobenzoate, 3-bromobenzoate, and benzoate to corresponding alcohols by Desulfomicrobium escambiense, isolated from a 3-chloro-benzoate-dechlorinating coculture. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 4698 703. 

Navab, M., Imes, S.S., Hama, S.Y., Hough, G.P., Ross, L.A., Bork, R.W., Valente, A.J., Berliner, J.A., Drinkwater, D.C., Laks, H. and Fogelman, A.M. (1991). Monocyte transmigration induced by modification of low density lipoprotein in cocultures of human aortic endothelial cells is due to induction of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 synthesis and is abolished by high density lipoprotein. J. Clin. Invest. 88, 2039-2046. 

Zujovic V, Taupin V. Use of cocultured cell systems to elucidate chemokine-dependent neuronal/microglial interactions control of microglial activation. Methods 2003 29 345-350. 

Walter,E. Janich, S. Roessler, B.J. Hilfinger,J.M. Amidon, G. L., HT29-MTX/Caco-2 cocultures as an in vitro model for the intestinal epithelium In vitro-in vivo correlation with permeability data from rats and humans, J. Pharm. Sci. 85, 1070-1076 (1996). 

Edgar We have looked at proliferating neuroblasts in the brain. When we coculture the brain with fat body those cells proliferate, but when we express activated ras in them without fat body, they don t proliferate. 

S stromal Cocultures of CM when cocultured with 6s cells, but not... 

NPE (PREC) primary NPE + 6s cells cocultures treated with CM or CM + DHT... 

The complexity of prostate cell cross talk that may be partially assessed by prostate cell cocultures should add to our understanding of how lycopene or its oxidation products participate. However, of utmost importance is the characterization of lycopene or lycopene oxidation product binding to particular proteins that shift their function and therefore the pathways in which they act. Such characterization is foundational to understanding the mechanism of action of lycopenoids. Simpler model systems where even the whole cell is too complex may be useful in working out these mechanisms of action. 

Liu, X, JD Allen, JT Arnold, and MR Blackman. 2008. Lycopene inhibits IGF-1 signal transduction and growth of normal prostate epithelial cells by decreasing DHT-modulated IGF-1 production in cocultured reactive stromal cells. Carcinogenesis 29(4) 816-823. 

Inamura, N., Mekori, Y.A., Bhattacharyya, S.P., Bianchine, P.J. and Metcalfe, D.D. (1998) Induction and enhancement of FcERI-dependent mast cell degranulation following coculture with activated T cells dependency on ICAM-1- and leukocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-l-mediated heterotypic aggregation. Journal of Immunology 160, 4026-4033. 

Brat SV, Williams GM. 1982. Hepatocyte-mediated production of sister chromatid exchange in cocultured cells by acrylonitrile Evidence for extra cellular transport of a stable reactive intermediate. Cancer Lett 17 213-216. 

Boonchan S, Britz ML, Stanley GA (2000) Degradation and mineralization of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by defined fungal-bacterial cocultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 66 1007-1019... 

Tan NCG, Prenafeta-Boldu FX, Opsteeg JL et al (1999) Biodegradation of azo dyes in cocultures of anaerobic granular sludge with aerobic aromatic amine degrading enrichment cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51 865-871... 

Tyrosine phosphorylation plays an important role in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Evidence for this role is that modulators of PTKs and PTPs have been shown to be intimately involved in these synaptic functions. Among the various modulators of PTKs, neuro-trophins have been extensively studied in this regard and will be our focus in the following discussion (for details of growth factors, see Ch. 27). BDNF and NT-3 have been shown to potentiate both the spontaneous miniature synaptic response and evoked synaptic transmission in Xenopus nerve-muscle cocultures. Neurotrophins have also been reported to augment excitatory synaptic transmission in central synapses. These effects of neurotrophins in the neuromuscular and central synapses are dependent on tyrosine kinase activities since they are inhibited by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, K-252a. Many effects of neurotrophins on synaptic functions have been attributed to the enhancement of neurotransmitter release BDNF-induced increase in neurotransmitter release is a result of induced elevation in presynaptic cytosolic calcium. Accordingly, a presynaptic calcium-depen-dent phenomenon - paired pulse facilitation - is impaired in mice deficient in BDNF. 

WOLTERS, B., EILERT, U., Accumulation of acridone-epoxides in callus cultures of Ruta graveolens increased by coculture with non host-specific fungi, Z. Naturforsch., 1982, 37c, 575-583. 

Peterson, P.K. et al., Morphine promotes the growth of HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cocultures, AIDS, 4, 869, 1990. 

Wyman, A., et. al., 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin does not directly alter the phenotype of maturing B cells in a murine coculture system, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 180, 164,2002. 

Guillouzo et al. (1988) developed a coculture system of rat or human hepatocytes with rat liver epithelial cells that maintains the hepatocytes in a differentiated state for extended periods of time, thereby allowing studies involving chronic treatment with the test substance to be conducted. Primary cultures of hepatocytes can therefore provide a useful model for short- and long-term studies involving the safety assessment of xenobiotics. 

Primary hepatocyte cultures have been used in vitro to metabolically activate toxins for evaluation with target tissues. Cocultures of rat embryos with hepatocytes have been used to study the role of metabolism in teratogenesis (Oglesby et al., 1986). Lindahl-Kiessling et al., (1989), in an attempt to bring test conditions closer to in vivo conditions, developed an assay utilizing primary rat hepatocytes and human peripheral lymphocytes to detect metabolism-mediated mutagenesis. 

Boucabeille C, Bories A, Ollivier P. 1994a. Degradation of thiocyanate by a bacterial coculture. Biotechnol Lett 16(4) 425-430. 

Dinitrobenzene is an intermediate employed in chemical syntheses of a large number of compounds used in the dye, explosives and plastics industry. The compound is known to induce methemoglobinemia and to cause testicular toxicity with the Sertoli cell being the major target. Nitro reduction was observed in erythrocytes, in rat Sertoli-germ cell cocultures and in rat testicular subcellular fractions, and it was shown that 3-nitrosonitrobenzene was formed that was considerably more toxic. Testicular toxicity was enhanced when the intracellular thiol levels were reduced by pretreatment with diethylmaleate. In turn, pretreatment with cysteamine or ascorbate reduced the toxicity of 1,3-dinitrobenzene and 3-nitrosonitrobenzene. 

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