Cultures, callus

Bajaj, Y.P.S. Gupta, R.K. (1986). Different tolerance of callus cultures of Pennisetum americanum L. and P. purpureum Shum. to sodium chloride. Journal of Plant Physiology, 125, 491-5. 

Smith, M.K. McComb, J.A. (1981). Effect ofNaCl on the growth of whole plants and their corresponding callus cultures. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 8, 267-75. 

Cell culture. The Helianthus annuus 1805 cell culture was grown in Linsmayer-Skoog medium (9), supplemented with 0.2 mg/L 2.4 - dichlorphenoxyacetic acid and 3% sucrose. The callus cultures were kept in an agar medium of the same composition. They were grown in a thermostat in the dark at 26-28 °C for two weeks and could be stored up to two months in a refrigerator. 

WOLTERS, B., EILERT, U., Accumulation of acridone-epoxides in callus cultures of Ruta graveolens increased by coculture with non host-specific fungi, Z. Naturforsch., 1982, 37c, 575-583. 

Zearalenone was also found to be more effective than cytokinin treatment in inducing shoots in in vitro winter wheat production. Moreover, both zearalenone and cytokinins increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in wheat callus undergoing regeneration, and it is very likely that they also stimulated the plant regeneration process (Szechynska-Hebda et al. 2007). The effectiveness of regeneration on media containing zearalenone shows the possibility of using zearalenone as an alternative hormone also to cytokinins in winter wheat callus culture. 

W. Cisowski, W. Dembinska-Migas, M. Krauze-Baranowska, M. Luczkiewicz, P. Migas, G. Matysik and E. Soczewinski, Application of planar chromatography to the analysis of secondary metabolites in callus cultures of different plant species. J. Plan. Chromatogr.—Mod. TLC 11 (1998)441 146. 

Rheum palmatum Callus culture was induced from petiole of plant cultivated in vivo on the Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) gelled by agar (8g/l), supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (10 mg/1) and casein hydrolyzate (2 g/1). Callus subcultured every 4 weeks was transferred into the liquid medium and filtered through a sieve (mesh 3 mm). 

Maestri, E., Restivo, F. M., Gulli, M., and Tassi, F., 1991, Glutamate-dehydrogenase regulation in callus-cultures of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia - effect of glucose feeding and carbon source starvation on the isoenzymatic pattern, Plant Cell Environ., 14 613-618. 

Anderson, W. C., and O. C. Taylor. Ozone induced carbon dioxide evolutioo in tobacco callus cultures. Physiol. PUnt. 28 419-423, 1973. 

Feung. C. S., Hamilton. R.H., Witham. F.H., and Mumma, R.O. The relative amounts and identification of some 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolites isolated from soybean cotyledon callus cultures. Plant Physiol., 50 80-86, 1972. 

Barthe GA, Jourdan PS, McIntosh CA, Mansell RL (1987) Naringin and Umonin production in callus cultures and regenerated plants from Citrus sp. 1 Plant Physiol 127 55-65... 

It has taken many years, however, for a callus culture to be described which produces vinblastine (1). Success was achieved by Miura and coworkers 122) as a result of the screening of callus tissues with the HeLa cell line. Vinblastine (1) was detected at a level of 1 p,g/g dry weight by HPLC and characterized by retention time and mass spectrometry. This level is below that in the whole plant, and thus its presence was probably overlooked by previous workers. 

Continued work by the same group 123) has led to the first isolation of vinblastine (1) from a multiple shoot culture of C. roseus. The most productive line, MSC-B-1, consisted of two distinctly different tissues, multiple shoots and unorganized tissue, and was maintained growing and productive for 30 months. Vinblastine (1) was isolated by HPLC, and the content was estimated to be 15 jjig/g dry weight. Production of this alkaloid was greater than that in the callus culture but less than that observed for the parent plant, even though the levels of catharanthine (4) and vindoline (3) were about the same. 

Isolation of LHR vh-Inducers. Conditioned medium was obtained from 5 varieties of Vitis by cutting about 20 fresh leaves and stems into 1 cm pieces and placing them immediately into 1.5 L of sterile pH 5.7 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (52). Conditioned MS medium from callus cultures of the Vitis cultivar Steuben was obtained by breaking up healthy calli from... 

Yeoman, M. M. and Forche, E. 1980. Cell proliferation and growth in callus cultures. International Review of Cytology, Sll A 1-24. 

Heitrich, A. and M. Binder. Identification of (3R,4R)-delta-l-(6)-tetrahy-drocannabinol as an isolation artifact CS198 of cannabinoid acids formed by callus cultures of Cannabis sativa L. Experientia 1982 38 898-899. 

Furanocoumarins on the surface of callus cultures from species of the Rutaceae and Umbelliferae. Can J Bot 1993 71(7) 966-969. 

NT387 Maeder, P., and M. Bopp. Regulation and significance of peroxidase pattern variations during shoot differentiation in callus cultures of Nicotiana tabacum. 

NT432 Lance, B., R. C. Durley, D. M. Rreid, T. A. Thorpe, and R. P. Pharis. Metabolism of ( H)gibberellin A-20 in light and dark-grown tobacco callus cultures. Plant Physiol 1976 58 387. 

Aparicio, andj. L. Harwood. Analysis of volatiles from callus cultures of ol- OE050 ive Olea europaea. Phytochemistry 1998 47(7) 1253-1259. 

The 1-pro-7 -hydrogen is lost on oxidizing geraniol with a cell-free extract from Cannabis sativa (Vol. 7, p. 9, ref. 96), asymmetric microbial reduction of ( )-citronellal to (-)-citronelloI is reported, and callus cultures of Nicotiana tabacum selectively hydroxylate linalool, dihydrolinalool, and the derived acetates at the -methyl group [e.g. to give (59)]. ... 

Miura, H. et al., Anthocyanin production of Glehnia littoralis callus cultures. Phytochemistry, 48, 279, 1998. 

Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)glucoside] Citrus aurantifolia callus cultures Rutaceae 222... 

Berhow, M.A. et al., Acylated flavonoids in callus cultures of Citrus aurantifolia, Phytochemistry, 36, 1225, 1994. 

Budzianowski, J., Budzianowska, A., and Kromer, K., Naphtalene glucoside and other phenolics from the shoot and callus cultures of Drosophyllum lusitanicum. Phytochemistry, 61, 421, 2002. 

Baumert A, Groger D, Kuzovkina IN, Reisch J (1992) Secondary Metabolites Produced by Callus Cultures of Various Ruta Species. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 28 159... 

Muscolo, A., Panuccio, M. R., Sidari, M., and Nardi, S. (2000). Effect of two different humic substances on some glycolytic enzymes in callus culture of Pinus Laricio. Humic Subst. Environ. 2(1/4), 19-24. 

In addition to the substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines discussed above, several 4-substituted-7-(8-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidines were also prepared and tested in the tobacco bioassay (85,86) most of the analogs inhibited the growth of tobacco callus cultured on kinetin. It is not clear from the published data, however, to what extent inhibition could be reversed by higher concentrations of kinetin. In addition, the analog... 

Callus cultures, initiated from leaves or stems of growing plants are grown on an agar based medium in the presence of growth factors (cytokinins and auxins, e.g. 2,4D or IAA). Undifferentiated cells can also be grown in suspension in similar media (without agar), but to initiate differentiation the concentration of auxin must be lowered. The optimum concentration of hormones must be determined by experimentation for each cell type. More details are to be found in Dixon (1985). 

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