Coca-Cola®, extract from

Coca-cola got its name from the coca leaf extract which it contained (as did a variety of wines) until 1904. Neither tolerance nor physical addiction to cocaine seem to occur, so sniffing it occasionally should be quite safe. 

Asa Griggs Chandler, another, more astute pharmacist who saw the potential in Coca-Cola as a soft drink rather than a tonic. In the next 15 years, he made a fortune from the Coca-Cola company and founded what was to become the world s best known multinational. The formula of Coca-Cola has chtmged over the years and the coca extract was removed in the early twentieth century and many decades later caffeine-free versions became available. Competitors produced their own versions of what became known as cola drinks, nearly always containing caffeine and a variety of natural and synthetic flavouring (Figure 2.7). 

Kahakachchi, Uden and Tyson (2004) investigated the ability of various liquids to extract As(III), As(V), DMA(V), and MMA(V) from spiked soils. The extractants included deionized water, a citrate buffer, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, 1M phosphoric acid, 5 % acetic acid, household vinegar, 0.1 M NaOH, and even Coca Cola . After eight days, the highest extractions for As(III), MMA(V), and As(V) were achieved with NaOH at 46, 100, and 84%, respectively. A 10 mM citrate buffer was most effective with DMA(V) with about 85 % removal after eight days. 

In the 1800s, coca drinks were fashionable, and one in particular, Coca-Cola, became very popular. This was originally based on extracts of coca (providing cocaine) and cola (supplying caffeine) (see page 395), but although the coca content was omitted from 1906 onwards, the name and popularity continue. 

Coca-Cola was originally flavored with extracts from the leaves of the coca plant and the kola nut. Coca is grown in northern South America the Indians of Peru and Bolivia have for centuries chewed the leaves to relieve the pangs of hunger and high mountain cold. The cocaine from the leaves causes local anesthesia of the stomach. It has limited use as a local anesthetic for surgery on the eye, nose, and throat. Unfortunately it is now a widely abused illicit drug. Kola nuts contciin about 3% caffeine as well as a number of other alkaloids. The kola tree is in the same family as the cacao tree from which cocoa cmd chocolate cu-e obtained. Modem cola drinks do not contain cocaine however, Coca-Cola contains 43 mg of caffeine per... 

Acrylonitrile copolymers (typically referred to simply as polyacrylonitrile, PAN) were, in fact, the first bottles introduced by Coca Cola. A suspected issue with monomer extractables developed with the PAN, and it was pulled from the market. PET moved into the business, and dominates today even though the extractables problem was eventually shown to be a nonissue. The damage was done, and PAN never became a player in the market for CSD. 

An extract from coca leaves was one of the original ingredients in Coca-Cola. However, early in the present century, government officials, with much legal difficulty, forced the manufacturer to omit coca from its beverage. The company has managed to this day to maintain the coca in its trademarked title, even though "Coke" contains none. 

The first REPA attempted to quantify the energy, material, and environmental consequences of the entire life cycle of a Coca-Cola beverage container from the extraction of raw materials to disposal under consideration were refillable bottles, plastic bottles, and cans. 

Coca leaves were brought to Europe by the Spanish conquistadores, and cocaine was isolated from the leaves in the 1860s. In 1863, the French chemist Angelo Mariani created the tonic Vin Mariani , an extract of coca in Bordeaux wine. The non-alcoholic version Coca-Cola was invented in 1886 by the American Pharmacist John Pemberton, who mixed extracts of coca leaves and caffeine-containing cola nuts with soda. With the introduction of the first anti-drug laws in the USA in 1906, however, only decocainized leaves were used for the production of Coca-Cola. 

Not only did the Pope endorse it, he awarded Vin Mariani a gold medal Imitation being the sincerest form of flattery, a Georgian pharmacist named John Styth Pemberton created his own version of Mariani s concoction, called French Wine Cola . Prohibition came to Atlanta in 1886, so Pemberton created a new nonalcoholic version of the drink which he called Coca-Cola. In 1903, the cocaine extract was removed from the recipe, being replaced by sugar and caffeine to supply the stimulant, although the name Coca-Cola remained unchanged. 

Food. Coca extract, from which cocaine is removed, is used together with extracts of kola Cola nitida), cinnamon, ginger, lime, orange peel, and others as a flavor component in cola drinks average maximum use level is reported to be 0.02%. Other food products in which the decocainized extract is used include alcoholic beverages, frozen dairy desserts, and candy. The highest average maximum use level is... 

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